Alliance for Pandemic Preparedness

April 8, 2021

Association of Human Mobility Restrictions and Race/Ethnicity–Based, Sex-Based, and Income-Based Factors With Inequities in Well-Being During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States

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  • African American and Hispanic individuals, women, and households with low income were disproportionately affected by adverse social and mental health outcomes during lockdown in the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic according to a large population-representative cross-sectional survey of over 1 million US respondents from April to July 2020. On average, every 10% reduction in mobility was associated with higher odds of unemployment, mental health problems, and class cancellations. Compared to high-income white men, low-income African American men experienced the highest risks of food insufficiency (OR=3.3), unemployment (OR=2.8), and rent/mortgage defaults (OR=5.7), while women had a 2-fold elevated risk of mental health problems and medical care inaccessibility. Disproportionately affected high risk groups also included Hispanic men with a low income and women with a low income across all races/ethnicities.

Chakrabarti et al. (Apr 7, 2021). Association of Human Mobility Restrictions and Race/Ethnicity–Based, Sex-Based, and Income-Based Factors With Inequities in Well-Being During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States. JAMA Network Open. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.7373