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November 4, 2020
Avoiding versus Contracting COVID-19 On the Effectiveness of Social Distancing at the Level of the Individual
[Preprint, not peer-reviewed] A participant’s behavior during behavioral simulation of social distancing behaviors was associated with the risk of subsequently contracting COVID-19, whereas self-report of these behaviors was not. Results from a survey among 2,120 US residents determined that an individual’s performance in a simulator intended to assess physical positioning was associated with lower risk…
October 14, 2020
High Food Insecurity in Latinx Families and Associated COVID-19 Infection in the Greater Bay Area California
[Preprint, not peer-reviewed] Increased food insecurity was found in Latinx communities in the San Francisco Bay Area during the COVID-19 pandemic. A series of phone interviews from three separate Latinx cohorts conducted from March to September 2020 in the San Francisco Bay Area (total 375 households, 1,875 individuals) found that only 47% of surveyed Latinx…
Rapid and Low-Cost Sampling for Detection of Airborne SARS-CoV-2 in Dehumidifier Condensate
[Preprint, not peer-reviewed] A simple technique of sampling condensate from a commercial dehumidifier at 24-48 hour intervals identified SARS-CoV2 in a hospital setting. Four portable dehumidifiers obtained from Amazon were stationed at various locations in a Maryland hospital ward over 3 separate 1-week periods (June 29- July 5, July 22-August 10 and September 3-10). Among…
Understanding the Los Angeles County Coronavirus Epidemic The Critical Role of Intrahousehold Transmission
[Preprint, not peer-reviewed] Household structure may play a role in the persistent propagation of COVID-19 epidemic, as suggested by a modeling study describing three phases of the COVID-19 epidemic in Los Angeles County. The model showed that during phase I (March 1-April 4), initial seeding of infection in relatively affluent areas was followed by radial…
Impact of COVID-19 Mitigation Measures on the Incidence of Preterm Birth: A National Quasi-Experimental Study
Nationwide implementation of COVID-19 mitigation measures in the Netherlands on March 9, 2020 was associated with significant reductions in the incidence of preterm births in the following months compared to the corresponding time window immediately prior to mitigation measures (RR=0.77 to 0.85, depending on the length of the time window on either side of March…
Risk Factors for Re-Detectable Positivity in Recovered COVID-19 Children
In a healthcare setting in China where two negative PCR tests for SARS-Cov-2 were required for hospital discharge, 37% of pediatric patients (n=14) had positive PCR tests upon subsequent PCR testing (“re-detectable positivity”). Family cluster infection, higher white blood cell count, and longer plasma prothrombin time were identified as risk factors for re-detectable positivity. In…
Antiretroviral Drugs for Treatment and Prevention of HIV Infection in Adults
The International Antiviral Society-USA panel released recommendations regarding antiretroviral therapy for both the treatment and prevention of HIV. These guidelines involve recommendations regarding when to start antiretroviral therapy, when to change regimens, and recommendations for specific subpopulations (e.g., elderly patients, patients with organ dysfunction). Highlights of changes from previous versions include new recommendations for initial…
Evaluation of Saliva Sampling Procedures for SARS-CoV-2 Diagnostics Reveals Differential Sensitivity and Association with Viral Load
[Preprint, not peer-reviewed] Saliva collection devices showed poor sensitivities for detecting SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Belgian outpatients. Saliva samples collected either by spitting into a commercial preservative (Norgen Biotek) or swabbing (DNA Genotek) had sensitivities of 31% and 22% when compared to individuals who were PCR-positive on nasopharyngeal swabs (N=107) from outpatient triage centers in Belgium….
The Duration of Infectiousness of Individuals Infected with SARS-CoV-2
The detection of SARS-CoV-2 via culture among patients with COVID-19 illness was highly unlikely beyond 10 days of symptom onset in patients with mild-to-moderate disease. In a systematic review of 15 studies with more than 800 patients (5 studies did not specify sample size), the authors estimate that only six out of 217 patients had…
SARS-CoV-2 Sequencing Reveals Rapid Transmission from College Student Clusters Resulting in Morbidity and Deaths in Vulnerable Populations
[Preprint, not peer-reviewed] In September 2020, La Crosse County, Wisconsin experienced a substantial COVID-19 outbreak (2,002 cases), which coincided with the return to in-person instruction at three local higher education institutions. Genomic sequencing identified rapid expansion of two SARS-CoV-2 sub-strains during this period, corresponding to two independent transmission events from college-aged individuals to older individuals…
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