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October 12, 2020
Geographic Variation of Racial Disparities in Health and COVID-19 Mortality
The cumulative incidence of COVID-19 was reported to be three-fold higher among Black individuals in the US compared to white individuals, and the crude mortality was two-fold higher. However, the infection-fatality-ratio was similar between Black and white individuals. There was a higher prevalence of comorbidities (63% vs 55%) and adverse socioeconomic factors (47% vs 31%)…
COVID-19 and Excess All-Cause Mortality in the US and 18 Comparison Countries
The cumulative COVID-19 mortality in the US through September 19, 2020 of 60.3 per 100,000 people is comparable to other high-mortality countries like Spain (65 per 100,000), the UK (62.6 per 100,000) and Italy (59.1 per 100,000). However, the COVID-19 mortality in the US has remained high in the past four months, while the other…
Excess Deaths From COVID-19 and Other Causes, March-July 2020
Deaths from all causes in the US increased by 20% above the number expected between March 1 and August 1, 2020. An estimated 150,541 of these excess deaths (67%) were attributed to COVID-19. The 10 states with the highest per capita level of excess deaths were New York, New Jersey, Massachusetts, Louisiana, Arizona, Mississippi, Maryland,…
Safely Reopening K-12 Schools During the COVID-19 Pandemic
[Pre-print, not peer reviewed]A modeling study of different school reopening plans indicated that plans that provide for multiple days in school in a row and divide students into smaller cohorts, as well as those that emphasize distance learning, are better able to suppress outbreaks and reduce risk if an individual with COVID-19 enters the community….
Age-Targeted Dose Allocation Can Halve COVID-19 Vaccine Requirements
[Pre-print, not peer reviewed] An age-structured mathematical model investigating age-specific allocation strategies for SARS-CoV-2 vaccines indicated that across 179 countries, the highest priority individuals for vaccination were typically those 30-59 years of age, based on their higher risk of infection and disease, and greater rates of contact. The model assumed that the vaccine would be 70%…
An Innovative Non-Pharmaceutical Intervention to Mitigate SARS-CoV02 Spread Probability Sampling to Identify and Isolate Asymptomatic Cases
[Pre-print, not peer reviewed] Results from one modelling study suggest that a Sampling-Testing-Quarantine strategy for identifying and isolating asymptomatic individuals with COVID-19 may help slow the spread of the epidemic without school or work shutdowns. An agent-based model was designed to simulate the COVID-19 epidemic in Seattle, in order to test the strategy. The strategy involves…
Prevalence and Longevity of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Healthcare Workers A Single Center Study
[Pre-print, not peer reviewed]A cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence and longevity of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in healthcare workers and first responders in California showed that antibody prevalence was 0.9% at the start of the study and 2.6% at 8-week follow-up among healthcare workers, and 5.3% and 4.4%, respectively, among first responders (between May and August,…
Clinical Impact of Molecular Point-of-Care Testing for Suspected COVID-19 in Hospital (COV-19POC): A Prospective, Interventional, Non-Randomised, Controlled Study
Point-of-care testing for SARS-CoV-2 was associated with large reductions in time to results compared with centralized laboratory PCR testing in a prospective, interventional, non-randomized study of molecular point-of-care testing in the UK. 39% of adult patients in the point-of-care testing group and 28% in the control group tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection using nose and…
Beneficial Effect of Corticosteroids in Preventing Mortality in Patients Receiving Tocilizumab to Treat Severe COVID-19 Illness
An observational retrospective analysis of the characteristics and risk factors for mortality in patients with severe COVID-19 treated with the immunomodulator tocilizumab (TCZ), with or without corticosteroids, found that mortality was associated with older age (HR=1.09), chronic heart failure (HR=4.4), and chronic liver disease (HR=4.69). 186 patients were treated with TCZ, among whom 129 were…
Sample Pooling Is a Viable Strategy for SARS-CoV-2 Detection in Low-Prevalence Settings
Sample pooling was found to be a practical strategy for SARS-CoV-2 testing in low-prevalence settings. The study assessed the sensitivity and theoretical efficiency of two, four, and eight-sample pools to evaluate throughput and assess the potential to conserve PCR reagents. As pool size increased, sensitivity decreased and efficiency increased. The practicality of pooling samples also…
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