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Tag: non-pharm interventions
April 22, 2021
COVID-19 Mitigation With Appropriate Safety Measures in an Essential Workplace: Lessons for Opening Work Settings in the United States During COVID-19
99% of SARS-CoV-2 infections identified by testing campaigns were asymptomatic among employees of a US manufacturing company that remained open during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 105 positive PCR results were identified among 586 employees across three sites from March to August 2020. Employee positivity rates were consistent with community prevalence. In addition to…
April 16, 2021
Evaluating the Impact of Keeping Indoor Dining Closed on COVID-19 Rates among Large US Cities a Quasi-Experimental Design
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] Closure of indoor dining venues was associated with approximately 43% lower COVID-19 incidence over 4 weeks in an ecological study comparing 11 US cities from March to October 2020. The study included 4 “treatment” cities in which restaurants were allowed to reopen but indoor dining remained closed and 7 “comparison” cities in…
April 9, 2021
The Lockdown Effect: A Counterfactual for Sweden
A modeling study simulated the potential effects of a stricter, government-imposed lockdown policy in Sweden, a country that did not impose such a lockdown in early 2020. The authors compared COVID-related deaths, SARS-CoV-2 infections, and change in national GDP in Sweden from March 15-May 17, 2020 to a weighted average of similar neighboring countries that…
Use of Stay-at-Home Orders and Mask Mandates to Control COVID-19 Transmission — Blackfeet Tribal Reservation, Montana, June–December 2020
In the Blackfeet Tribal Reservation (Montana), enforcement of stay-at-home orders and mandated use of face coverings in public, with potential fines and jail for noncompliance, were associated with a 33-fold reduction in COVID-19 incidence from its peak of 6.4 cases per 1,000 residents per day on October 5 to 0.2 cases per 1,000 residents per…
April 7, 2021
Effects of Worldwide Interventions and Vaccination on COVID-19 between Waves and Countries
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] The non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) that had the greatest contributions to the decay ratio of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the first wave were restrictions on gatherings (27.8% contribution), use of face masks (16.8%), and school closures (10.1%), while in the second wave face masks (30%), restrictions on gatherings (17.5%), and international travel restrictions (9.2%)…
April 5, 2021
Factors Associated with Nonessential Workplace Attendance during the Covid-19 Pandemic in the UK in Early 2021 Evidence from Cross-Sectional Surveys
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] Among 1,422 people in the UK who reported they could work completely from home between January and February 2021, 26.8% of respondents reported attending their workplace at least once in the preceding week. Independent factors associated with non-essential workplace attendance included male gender (OR = 1.9), dependent children in the household (OR…
April 2, 2021
The Impact of the Non-Essential Business Closure Policy on Covid-19 Infection Rates
Workers designated as having essential jobs had an estimated 55% higher likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to those with non-essential jobs in Pennsylvania from February to June 2020, according to a difference-in-differences model based on medical claims data. Household transmission was also estimated to be higher among essential workers. Dependents and roommates cohabiting with an…
April 1, 2021
Association Between Risk Factors for Complications From COVID-19, Perceived Chances of Infection and Complications, and Protective Behavior in the US
US adults with more medical risk factors associated with COVID-19 adverse outcomes perceived they had a higher chance of hospitalization or death if they were infected compared to those without risk factors in a nationally representative cross-sectional study conducted from November to December 2020 (n=5,910). Respondents with 3 or more medical risk factors perceived a…
Association Between Actual and Perceived U.S. COVID-19 Policies and Preventive Behavior
Perception about the existence of state mask mandate was 91% accurate in states with a mandate but only 46% accurate in states without one, according to a nationally representative cross-sectional survey (n=1,073) conducted in July 2020. The survey also measured participants’ mask-wearing and physical distancing behaviors and found that perceived existence of a mask mandate…
March 30, 2021
COVID-19 Response Strategies at Large Institutes of Higher Education in the United States: A Landscape Analysis, Fall 2020
93% of the 50 largest public and 50 largest private US institutions of higher education offered some in-person teaching for the Fall 2020 semester, according to a landscape analysis of the COVID-19 response strategies. Among those offering some in-person teaching, 71% offered a hybrid reopening structure (≥25% students on campus). Among the 93 of institutions…
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