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Tag: public health
January 8, 2021
Effectiveness of Physical Distancing: Staying 6 Feet Over to Put Respiratory Viruses 6 Feet Under
Results from an analysis of 13,324 nasopharyngeal swabs collected at a single hospital in Arizona between January 1, 2017, and July 31, 2020, found a significant reduction in the detection of respiratory viruses other than SARS-CoV-2, coinciding with the implementation of distancing and masking policies during the COVID-19 pandemic. The average monthly positivity rate for…
January 7, 2021
Comparison of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrests and Fatalities in the Metro Detroit Area During the COVID-19 Pandemic With Previous-Year Events
The Michigan emergency medical services (EMS) Information System identified 1,854 out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) calls between March to May 2020, a 60% increase from the same period in 2019. Though the spike in OHCAs closely mirror the COVID-19 epidemic curve with a slight lag, it is not clear from these data whether COVID-19 infections directly…
January 6, 2021
Estimation of US SARS-CoV-2 Infections, Symptomatic Infections, Hospitalizations, and Deaths Using Seroprevalence Surveys
A cross-sectional study using data from both public health surveillance records of reported COVID-19 cases and seroprevalence surveys found that an estimated 46,910,006 SARS-CoV-2 infections, 28,122,752 symptomatic infections, 956,174 hospitalizations, and 304,915 deaths occurred in the US through November 15, 2020. The authors note that 14% of the US population was infected with SARS-CoV-2 by…
Exposure to Common Geographic COVID-19 Prevalence Maps and Public Knowledge, Risk Perceptions, and Behavioral Intentions
Providing maps with COVID-19 case information did not improve public knowledge, risk perception, or reported intent to adhere to health guidelines according to results from a survey study. Participants were randomized to receive 1 of 6 maps (or no map) containing information on COVID-19 cases and scored on scales on total/per capita cases (score range…
January 4, 2021
Prevalence and Clinical Profile of SARS-CoV-2 Infection among Farmworkers in Monterey County California June-November 2020
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] A prospective surveillance study of SARS-CoV-2 infection and antibody prevalence among farmworkers in California’s Salinas Valley from June 15 to November 30, 2020 found 22% positivity for nucleic acid detection among workers tested at federally-qualified migrant and community health clinics, as compared to 17% among other adults from the same communities (RR=1.3)….
Refuting Spurious COVID-19 Treatment Claims Reduces Demand and Misinformation Sharing
A study investigating the impact of COVID-19 misinformation on hypothetical demand (i.e., willingness-to-pay) for an unproven treatment and propensity to spread misinformation online among US adults (N=678) found that prior exposure to misinformation increased misinformation promotion by 18%. The study tested two interventions to counteract the misinformation: a tentative or “diplomatic” refutation based on materials…
The Association of Previous Influenza Vaccination and Coronavirus Disease-2019
Results from a population-based study conducted from February-April 2020 among members of a health maintenance organization (n=715,164) showed that compared to non-vaccinated people, receiving at least one influenza vaccination was associated with a significantly reduced rate of SARS-CoV-2 positivity. The odds ratios for SARS-CoV-2 infection among individuals vaccinated for influenza in 2018–2019 was 0.82, 2019–2020…
December 30, 2020
Patient Characteristics Associated With Telemedicine Access for Primary and Specialty Ambulatory Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Patients scheduled for telemedicine visits who were older, Asian, non-English-speaking and on Medicaid had lower uptake of telemedicine visits during the early phase of the pandemic in a retrospective cohort study of 148,402 patients in Pennsylvania. Patients who were older, female, Black, Latinx, and those with income <$50,000 had less video use. No significant differences…
Chopping the Tail: How Preventing Superspreading Can Help to Maintain COVID-19 Control
Interventions that specifically target superspreading events while partially relaxing social distancing could be a viable alternative to blanket policies, according to a transmission model incorporating a variety of non-pharmaceutical interventions parametrized to a variety of settings. Removing the top 1% of individual transmission rates (essentially, superspreading events that connect a single infectious person to large…
Suicidal Ideation Among Individuals Who Have Purchased Firearms During COVID-19
Individuals who purchased a firearm during the COVID-19 pandemic more frequently reported suicidal ideation than individuals who do not own firearms or purchased firearms prior to the pandemic in a quota-sampled cross-sectional survey (n=3,500). Regardless of suicidal ideation, safety and protection at home were the most frequently endorsed reasons for firearm acquisition. Anestis et al….
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