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Tag: public health
December 7, 2020
How Do the Public Interpret COVID-19 Swab Test Results Comparing the Impact of Official Information about Results and Reliability Used in the UK US and New Zealand a Randomised Controlled Trial
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] A randomized controlled trial with 1744 UK participants evaluated test interpretation and guidance from public health websites by giving hypothetical test results and randomizing participants to either receive no more information or information on the interpretation of test results from a public health website from the UK, US, or New Zealand. Most…
December 4, 2020
Overdose-Related Cardiac Arrests Observed by Emergency Medical Services During the US COVID-19 Epidemic
A retrospective observational analysis using the National Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Information System showed that through August 1, 2020, overdose-related cardiac arrests in 2020 totaled 49.5 per 100,000 EMS activation (48.5% above baseline). Peak rates in May were more than double baseline levels from 2018 and 2019. Overdose-related EMS activation values were similar before and…
The Effect of Area Deprivation on COVID-19 Risk in Louisiana
Individuals residing in the most deprived neighborhoods in Louisiana had almost 40% higher risk of COVID-19 compared to those in least deprived neighborhoods. Neighborhood deprivation was assessed using the Area Deprivation Index (ADI), and publicly available data were used to estimate COVID-19 cumulative case counts. The authors propose that factors that may have contributed to…
Economic Stressors and the Enactment of CDC-Recommended COVID-19 Prevention Behaviors: The Impact of State-Level Context
People experiencing job and financial insecurity were found to be less likely to enact CDC-recommended guidelines such as physical distancing, hand washing, and limiting nonessential trips from home in a study modeling data from currently employed US workers (n = 745) from 43 states. The inverse relationship between job insecurity and compliance with the CDC…
December 3, 2020
Risk Factors for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection in Homeless Shelters in Chicago, Illinois—March–May, 2020
Widespread SARS-CoV-2 testing in homeless shelters in Chicago during March to May 2020 showed higher prevalence among residents (30%; 431 of 1435) than among staff (15%; 41 of 282). Among residents, prevalence was higher among those sharing a room with more people, while current smoking was associated with lower prevalence. At the facility level, higher…
December 2, 2020
Model-Based Evaluation of the Impact of Noncompliance with Public Health Measures on COVID-19 Disease Control
[Preprint, not peer reviewed] A modeling study using an SEIRS model reported that more effective COVID-19 interventions would require a lower proportion of people to comply with them to achieve complete suppression of SARS-CoV-2 spread among US populations. For an intervention with 50% efficacy, at least 95% compliance is required; for an intervention with 70%…
December 1, 2020
Rapid Disappearance of Influenza Following the Implementation of COVID-19 Mitigation Measures in Hamilton Ontario
[Pre-print, not peer reviewed] Following population-wide implementation of COVID-19 interventions in Hamilton, Ontario, the proportion of samples that tested positive for influenza A and B dropped rapidly to 0% by the week of March 15-21. During the 2010-2019 influenza seasons, the proportion of positive tests reached 0% on a median of the week of May…
Unemployment Insurance, Health-Related Social Needs, Health Care Access, and Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic
People living in a household that received unemployment benefits were less likely to have unmet health-related social needs, less likely to have delayed health care, and less likely to be experiencing depressive and anxiety symptoms relative to comparable people not receiving unemployment benefits. These findings were drawn from a cross-sectional study of 68,911 individuals representing…
November 30, 2020
Quantifying Human Mobility Behaviour Changes during the COVID-19 Outbreak in the United States
A study assessing human mobility changes in the US from February to May indicated that government orders and the severity of local SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks significantly contributed to the strength of social distancing in the United States. The study used an integrated dataset of mobile device location data and constructed a Social Distancing Index to evaluate…
November 25, 2020
Implementation of Hospital Practices Supportive of Breastfeeding in the Context of COVID-19 — United States, July 15–August 20, 2020
During summer 2020, 18% of hospitals reported that in-person lactation support for new mothers had decreased. An analysis of data from 1,344 US hospitals indicated that hospitals were attempting to balance evidence-based practices to support breastfeeding with SARS-CoV-2 infection control measures. For mothers with suspected or confirmed COVID-19, 14% of hospitals discouraged and 7% prohibited…
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