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Tag: summarize
December 15, 2020
Vaccines That Prevent SARS-CoV-2 Transmission May Prevent or Dampen a Spring Wave of COVID-19 Cases and Deaths in 2021
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] A model based on King County data shows that if the vaccine efficacy of the Moderna and Pfizer vaccines are primarily driven by complete protection against infection, then prevention of a fourth epidemic wave in Spring 2021 and a reduction of subsequent cases and deaths by 60% is likely to occur, assuming…
COVID-19 Infections Among Healthcare Personnel in the United States Veterans Health Administration, March – August, 2020
Among 131,606 healthcare personnel (HCP) in the US Veterans Health Administration, 5,925 (4.5%) had positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests. HCP who were working in hospitals with >15% SARS-CoV-2 positivity among inpatients, as well as nursing staff, HCP who identify as Black or Hispanic, and veterans were at highest risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Male sex, age over…
Characteristics, Comorbidities and Survival Analysis of Young Adults Hospitalized with COVID-19 in New York City
In a cohort of young adults aged 18 to 35 years admitted to hospital with COVID-19 in New York City (n=395), 58% of patients had at least one major comorbidity. The mortality among those with at least one major comorbidity was 17% (40 of 229), compared to 9% (15 of 166) among those without a…
Community Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in England from April to November, 2020: Results from the ONS Coronavirus Infection Survey
A nationwide serial sampling study in England (n=1.1 million samples from 280,000 individuals) shows that the first wave (April to June) and the first part of the second wave (August to November) were characterized by different risk factors. Having a patient-facing role was a significant factor in the first wave but not in the second,…
Factors Associated with Positive SARS-CoV-2 Test Results in Outpatient Health Facilities and Emergency Departments Among Children and Adolescents Aged <18 Years — Mississippi, September–November 2020
In a case-control study of 397 children and adolescents in Mississippi, in-person school or child care attendance two weeks prior to a SARS-CoV-2 test was not associated with a positive test result (aOR=0.8). Close contact with persons with COVID-19 (aOR=3.2), gatherings with persons outside the household such as social functions (aOR=2.4) and playdates (aOR=3.3), and…
Assessment of the Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection in an Intense Re-Exposure Setting
Among 101,349 lab-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases in Qatar, the risk of reinfection was estimated to be 0.02%, with a reinfection incidence rate of 0.36 per 10,000 person-weeks. Out of 243 patients with at least one positive swab ≥45 days from the first positive swab, 54 (22%) had strong or good evidence for reinfection. Viral genome sequencing…
Asynchrony Between Individual and Government Actions Accounts for Disproportionate Impact of COVID-19 on Vulnerable Communities
Mobility data across 1,124 US counties show that individuals began to socially distance at a median of 5 days (IQR=3-8) after 10 cumulative confirmed COVID-19 cases in their state, but at a median of 12 days (IQR=8-17) before state governments issued stay-at-home orders (SAHOs). Using SAHO dates as a proxy for social distancing accounts for…
November 4, 2020
Beyond the 405 and the 5: Geographic Variations and Factors Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Positivity Rates in Los Angeles County
In Los Angeles, geographic factors associated with an increased rate of SARS-CoV2 diagnosis included a higher proportion of Latino/Latina residents, higher rates of poverty and higher household density. The analysis was conducted using a spatial analysis of the health department data from the period of 1 March and 30 June 2020, with a total of…
They’re Dying in the Suburbs COVID-19 Cases and Deaths by Geography in Louisiana (USA)
[Preprint, not peer-reviewed] The epicenter of the Louisiana COVID-19 epidemic has varied temporally, beginning in the urban core of New Orleans and then moving to suburban/rural areas. Using census tract- and parish-level data in Louisiana, Schnake-Mahl et al. reported that the incidence (73 cases per 10,000) and mortality rate (5.6 deaths per 10,000) of COVID-19…
COVID-19 Active Surveillance Simulation Case Study – Health and Economic Impacts of Active Surveillance in a School Environment
A simulation study of a school environment concluded that daily testing can assist with maintenance of a low infection rate. The authors concluded that a reasonable daily test percentage (6%-10% with social distancing and mask wearing, or 8-10% without mitigation procedures) among the student population can achieve a low infection rate (≤10%). Saad et al….
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