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October 14, 2020
Impact of COVID-19 Mitigation Measures on the Incidence of Preterm Birth: A National Quasi-Experimental Study
Nationwide implementation of COVID-19 mitigation measures in the Netherlands on March 9, 2020 was associated with significant reductions in the incidence of preterm births in the following months compared to the corresponding time window immediately prior to mitigation measures (RR=0.77 to 0.85, depending on the length of the time window on either side of March…
Risk Factors for Re-Detectable Positivity in Recovered COVID-19 Children
In a healthcare setting in China where two negative PCR tests for SARS-Cov-2 were required for hospital discharge, 37% of pediatric patients (n=14) had positive PCR tests upon subsequent PCR testing (“re-detectable positivity”). Family cluster infection, higher white blood cell count, and longer plasma prothrombin time were identified as risk factors for re-detectable positivity. In…
Antiretroviral Drugs for Treatment and Prevention of HIV Infection in Adults
The International Antiviral Society-USA panel released recommendations regarding antiretroviral therapy for both the treatment and prevention of HIV. These guidelines involve recommendations regarding when to start antiretroviral therapy, when to change regimens, and recommendations for specific subpopulations (e.g., elderly patients, patients with organ dysfunction). Highlights of changes from previous versions include new recommendations for initial…
Evaluation of Saliva Sampling Procedures for SARS-CoV-2 Diagnostics Reveals Differential Sensitivity and Association with Viral Load
[Preprint, not peer-reviewed] Saliva collection devices showed poor sensitivities for detecting SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Belgian outpatients. Saliva samples collected either by spitting into a commercial preservative (Norgen Biotek) or swabbing (DNA Genotek) had sensitivities of 31% and 22% when compared to individuals who were PCR-positive on nasopharyngeal swabs (N=107) from outpatient triage centers in Belgium….
The Duration of Infectiousness of Individuals Infected with SARS-CoV-2
The detection of SARS-CoV-2 via culture among patients with COVID-19 illness was highly unlikely beyond 10 days of symptom onset in patients with mild-to-moderate disease. In a systematic review of 15 studies with more than 800 patients (5 studies did not specify sample size), the authors estimate that only six out of 217 patients had…
SARS-CoV-2 Sequencing Reveals Rapid Transmission from College Student Clusters Resulting in Morbidity and Deaths in Vulnerable Populations
[Preprint, not peer-reviewed] In September 2020, La Crosse County, Wisconsin experienced a substantial COVID-19 outbreak (2,002 cases), which coincided with the return to in-person instruction at three local higher education institutions. Genomic sequencing identified rapid expansion of two SARS-CoV-2 sub-strains during this period, corresponding to two independent transmission events from college-aged individuals to older individuals…
October 12, 2020
Geographic Variation of Racial Disparities in Health and COVID-19 Mortality
The cumulative incidence of COVID-19 was reported to be three-fold higher among Black individuals in the US compared to white individuals, and the crude mortality was two-fold higher. However, the infection-fatality-ratio was similar between Black and white individuals. There was a higher prevalence of comorbidities (63% vs 55%) and adverse socioeconomic factors (47% vs 31%)…
COVID-19 and Excess All-Cause Mortality in the US and 18 Comparison Countries
The cumulative COVID-19 mortality in the US through September 19, 2020 of 60.3 per 100,000 people is comparable to other high-mortality countries like Spain (65 per 100,000), the UK (62.6 per 100,000) and Italy (59.1 per 100,000). However, the COVID-19 mortality in the US has remained high in the past four months, while the other…
Excess Deaths From COVID-19 and Other Causes, March-July 2020
Deaths from all causes in the US increased by 20% above the number expected between March 1 and August 1, 2020. An estimated 150,541 of these excess deaths (67%) were attributed to COVID-19. The 10 states with the highest per capita level of excess deaths were New York, New Jersey, Massachusetts, Louisiana, Arizona, Mississippi, Maryland,…
Safely Reopening K-12 Schools During the COVID-19 Pandemic
[Pre-print, not peer reviewed]A modeling study of different school reopening plans indicated that plans that provide for multiple days in school in a row and divide students into smaller cohorts, as well as those that emphasize distance learning, are better able to suppress outbreaks and reduce risk if an individual with COVID-19 enters the community….
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