Result for
Tag: transmission
November 30, 2020
SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in an Urban Community: The Role of Children and Household Contacts
A retrospective study of infection patterns among contacts of 71 children with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in an urban setting found that fewer than half of children who tested positive had a household sick contact (HHSC). HHSCs were defined as someone who either tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 or who had symptoms consistent with COVID-19. In all…
November 25, 2020
Effect of Hot Zone Infection Outbreaks on the Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 Spread in the Community at Large
[Pre-print; not peer-reviewed] A mathematical modeling study of SARS-CoV-2 transmission described two types of SARS-CoV-2 “hot zones” that may be important in understanding community transmission. The first type of “static hot zone” modeled included nursing homes, prisons, and other places in which the same people repeatedly interact. The model found that even if community transmission…
November 24, 2020
Community Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 by Fomites Risks and Risk Reduction Strategies
Pre-print, not peer reviewed] Examining SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk via fomites using the Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment framework suggests risks posed by contacting surfaces are low in communities with infection prevalence ranging from 0.2%-5%. Compared to surface disinfection, hand disinfection reduced the relative risk of transmission independent of community prevalence and frequency of contact, even at…
A Systematic Review of Surface Contamination, Stability, and Disinfection Data on SARS-CoV-2 (Through July 10, 2020)
A systematic review and meta-analysis (n=78 studies) found that laboratories had the highest proportion of surfaces test positive for SARS-CoV-2 while household surfaces had the lowest. In assessing surface stability using infectivity, half-life of SARS-CoV-2 on stainless steel, plastic, and nitrile was 2.3-17.9 hours, and decreased at higher temperature and humidity. Disinfection studies with SARS-CoV-2…
November 23, 2020
Impact of Age on Duration of Viral RNA Shedding in Patients with COVID-19
Older age was associated with a longer duration of SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding among a cohort of 384 patients admitted from January 11, 2020 to March 24, 2020 in Wuhan, China (adjusted OR=1.02, 95%CI=1.01-1.04; p=0.003). The median duration of viral RNA shedding was 32 days (range 4-111 days). Zhou et al. (Nov 15, 2020). Impact of…
Lack of Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV in Poultry
Inoculation of SARS-CoV-2 or MERS-CoV into 5 poultry species (chickens, turkeys, ducks, quail, and geese; 10 birds of each species included) did not show clinical signs of disease, virus replication in oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs, nor serum antibody response in serum at 14 days post-challenge. The authors suggest that poultry are unlikely to support replication…
November 20, 2020
SARS-CoV-2 in Migrant Worker Dormitories: Geospatial Epidemiology Supporting Outbreak Management
Barracks-style buildings for migrant workers in Singapore were associated with a faster pace of infection when compared to apartment-style housing. After all workers were confined to their respective living quarters, the number of cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection doubled every 1.6 days in barracks-style buildings whereas the corresponding doubling time for apartment-style buildings was 2.7 days….
November 19, 2020
Secondary Attack Rate of COVID-19 in Household Contacts in the Winnipeg Health Region, Canada
Analysis using data from a public health surveillance database including residents of the Winnipeg Health Region of Canada estimated a household secondary attack rate of 14.7%. Out of 279 contacts from 102 primary cases in unique households, 41 contacts from 25 households became secondary cases within 14 days of exposure to the primary case. Wilkinson…
SARS-CoV-2 Transmission between Mink (Neovison vison) and Humans, Denmark
Serologic and phylogenetic investigation of three mink farms in Denmark indicate rapid SARS-CoV-2 transmission among mink, as well as human-to-mink and mink-to-human transmission. Samples from 30 mink on 3 farms indicate that seroprevalence ranged from 66% to >95%, with one mink farm jumping from 3% to >95% within 8 days. Sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 samples from…
November 18, 2020
Remote Household Observation for Non-Influenza Respiratory Viral Illness
Self-collection of swabs was feasible and frequently detected respiratory viruses in a community study, including early detection of circulating SARS-CoV2. Self-collection of nasal swabs (n=678) from households in Seattle (n=303) prior to the COVID-19 pandemic and during the early pandemic period (November 2019 to April 2020) found that 35% of swabs tested positive for one…
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