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Tag: transmission
May 13, 2021
Covid-19 Vaccine Acceptance in California State Prisons
67% of California prison residents offered a COVID-19 vaccine (n=64,633) accepted at least one dose through March 2021. Acceptance was highest among Hispanic (73%) and white residents (72%), and lowest among Black residents (55%). Acceptance was highest among residents aged ≥65 years and those at high risk for severe COVID-19 (>80%) and lowest among those…
May 12, 2021
SARS-CoV-2 Infectivity by Viral Load, S Gene Variants and Demographic Factors and the Utility of Lateral Flow Devices to Prevent Transmission
SARS-CoV-2 index cases with lower PCR cycle threshold (Ct) values (suggesting a higher viral load) tended to have a higher proportion of contacts infected with SARS-CoV2, according to a study combining testing and contact tracing data from England between September 2020 and February 2021. Attack rates were 12% for index cases with Ct=15 and 5%…
Household Overcrowding and Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Analysis of the Virus Watch Prospective Community Cohort Study in England and Wales
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] The proportion of people with SARS-CoV-2 positive PCR tests was higher among participants living in houses with more occupants than rooms (“overcrowded houses”) when compared to houses with fewer occupants (7% vs 3%) per room, according to a household community cohort study in England and Wales (n=10,33) conducted between June 2020 to…
May 11, 2021
Description of a University COVID-19 Outbreak and Interventions to Disrupt Transmission Wisconsin August – October 2020
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 cases from Dane County, Wisconsin did not find evidence of onward community transmission from an outbreak at the University of Wisconsin (UW)-Madison that occurred during the first weeks of school reopening. During the outbreak, a large cluster of cases were identified in two residence halls, after which UW-Madison…
Asymptomatic Individuals Positive for Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Negative on Molecular Swab
Only 1% (n=212) of over 16,000 frontline workers developed detectable anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies during screening in Italy from May to June 2020. Among antibody-positive individuals, only one tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA under a protocol that required antibody-positive participants to be given a PCR test. The authors suggest that performing a PCR test on antibody-positive participants…
May 10, 2021
Viable Virus Shedding during SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection
Additional follow-up data from a prior prospective cohort study of young adults (18-20 years) reinfected with SARS-CoV-2 after testing negative on three nasal swab PCR tests over a 2-week quarantine period found that viable virus was detected in 4 of 16 participants, and only once in each, with titers ranging from 1.7 to 5.5 log10 plaque-forming…
May 4, 2021
Clinical Characteristics and Transmission of COVID-19 in Children and Youths During 3 Waves of Outbreaks in Hong Kong
Among 397 individuals aged ≤18 years with confirmed COVID-19 during the first 3 waves in Hong Kong (January to December 2020), imported infections comprised 79% and 93% of all cases during the first and second wave, respectively, but domestic infections comprised 73% of all cases during the third wave. Overall among domestic infections, 91% had…
May 3, 2021
Lower Household Transmission Rates of SARS-CoV-2 from Children Compared to Adults
The household secondary attack rate (SAR = 0.15) among pediatric index cases under age 18 (n = 17) was significantly lower than the rate among 126 adult (SAR = 0.38) index cases, according to findings from a seroprevalence study among 150 households in Germany with at least one confirmed case of SARS-CoV-2 since June 2020….
Household Clustering of SARS-CoV-2 Variant of Concern B.1.1.7 (VOC-202012-01) in England
In a study in England of all sequenced positive SARS-CoV-2 test results between October 1 – December 15, 2020, odds of household clustering with the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 variant was 1.9-fold higher than with wildtype virus, after adjusting for Index of Multiple Deprivation, region of residence, time of testing, age group, sex, race, and ethnicity of…
April 30, 2021
Household COVID-19 Risk and in-Person Schooling
A large, national survey of US adults in all 50 states and Washington, DC (N=2,142,887) found an association between living with a child who attended in-person school and the risk of COVID-19-associated outcomes, including reporting COVID-like illness (OR=1.4) or testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 (OR=1.3), although this association did not persist when ≥7 in-school mitigation measures…
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