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Tag: transmission
April 19, 2021
Increased Transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 Lineage B.1.1.7 by Age and Viral Load Evidence from Danish Households
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] Among Danish households in which an index case was infected with the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 lineage, the attack rate was 38%, compared to 27% in households with an index case infected with other lineages. A study of 5,241 households with index cases (n = 808 B.1.1.7 and n = 4,433 other lineages) conducted…
April 16, 2021
Evaluating the Impact of Keeping Indoor Dining Closed on COVID-19 Rates among Large US Cities a Quasi-Experimental Design
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] Closure of indoor dining venues was associated with approximately 43% lower COVID-19 incidence over 4 weeks in an ecological study comparing 11 US cities from March to October 2020. The study included 4 “treatment” cities in which restaurants were allowed to reopen but indoor dining remained closed and 7 “comparison” cities in…
April 14, 2021
School Closures Reduced Social Mixing of Children during COVID-19 with Implications for Transmission Risk and School Reopening Policies
A modeling study using data on children’s social contacts found that closures of elementary schools in spring 2020 in the Bay Area of California averted comparatively fewer cases than closures of middle and high schools and workplaces. The authors hypothesize this relatively smaller reduction in averted cases may be due to elementary school children having…
Neonatal SARS-CoV-2 Infections in Breastfeeding Mothers
No evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was found among newborns born to mothers positive for SARS-CoV-2 (n = 55) who were separated from mothers post-delivery. All newborns tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 post-delivery, and 75% were fed unpasteurized, expressed breast milk during the separation until discharge. 89% of neonates were discharged after mothers were instructed in anti-infection…
Laboratory Modeling of SARS-CoV-2 Exposure Reduction Through Physically Distanced Seating in Aircraft Cabins Using Bacteriophage Aerosol — November 2020
A laboratory model of airborne SARS-CoV-2 transmission on single- and twin-aisle aircraft found that exposures were reduced by 23-57% in seating scenarios when the middle seat was left vacant compared to when every seat was filled. Data from a study which examined aerosolized dispersion of a non-pathogenic respiratory virus in various airline cabin mock-ups from…
The Effect of In-Person Primary and Secondary School Instruction on County-Level SARS-CoV-2 Spread in Indiana
A county-level population-based study in Indiana found that for every 10% increase in the proportion of students attending in-person instruction, daily risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection increased by 0.336 per 100,000 population. This corresponds to an overall 0.8% increase over the expected number of cases 28 days later. The authors note that this increase is very…
April 12, 2021
Effects of Weather-Related Social Distancing on City-Scale Transmission of Respiratory Viruses: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Residual samples analyzed from patients evaluated for acute respiratory illness in the Seattle metropolitan area in the Seattle Flu Study after unusually high snowfall in Washington State in February 2019 showed that disruption in contact patterns reduced effective contact rates by 16 to 95% and reduced cumulative disease incidence through the remainder of the season…
Infectivity of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Children Compared with Adults
Compared with adults, children with SARS-CoV-2 positive nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) were less likely to grow virus in culture (OR=0.45) and had lower viral concentrations (cycle threshold: 25.1 age≤ 10 years, 22.2 age 11–17 years, and 18.7 in adults), suggesting that children may be less likely to transmit infectious virus. The analysis included samples from children…
April 8, 2021
Functional Evaluation of Proteolytic Activation for the SARS-CoV-2 Variant B.1.1.7 Role of the P681H Mutation
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] In vitro experiments show that while the P681H mutation found in the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 variant was associated with more efficient cleavage of the Spike 1 and Spike 2 (S1/S2) subunits, this did not translate to a significant impact on cell entry or an increase in cell-to- cell spread. Lubinski et al. (Apr 8,…
April 7, 2021
Phylogenetic Estimates of SARS-CoV-2 Introductions into Washington State
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] A phylogenetic analysis of 11,422 publicly available whole genome SARS-CoV-2 sequences found a minimum of 287 separate introductions of SARS-CoV-2 into Washington State in samples collected through September 2020. The majority of introductions into Washington came from a source within the US (61%, range 55-65%) while 39% (range 35-45%) likely came from…
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