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Tag: transmission
March 31, 2021
Increased Transmissibility of the B.1.1.7 SARS-CoV-2 Variant Evidence from Contact Tracing Data in Oslo January to February 2021
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] Within households in Norway, the secondary attack rate of the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 lineage was 60% higher than that of other variants. The study used contact tracing data from 415 index cases and 2,718 of their close contacts from January 4 to February 28, 2021 to estimate transmissibility and found an absolute increase…
March 30, 2021
Successful Control of an Onboard COVID-19 Outbreak Using the Cruise Ship as a Quarantine Facility, Western Australia
Onboard quarantine measures to reduce the risk of a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak among crew members of the cruise ship MS Artania led to no symptomatic infections among crew members after completion of quarantine, despite an attack rate of 6% (30 of 503) before quarantine and 5% (21 of 441) during quarantine on board. The outbreak occurred…
March 29, 2021
Single Dose of a MRNA SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Is Associated with Lower Nasopharyngeal Viral Load among Nursing Home Residents with Asymptomatic COVID-19
Among nursing home residents in Pennsylvania with asymptomatic COVID-19 diagnosed through twice-weekly surveillance testing (n=10), residents who received a single dose of the BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccine had significantly lower nasopharyngeal viral load (-2.4 mean log10 lower) than unvaccinated residents. The authors note their results suggest a single dose may start to reduce transmission among nursing home…
Comparison of Cough Particle Exposure for Indoor Commercial and Aircraft Cabin Spaces
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations from Boeing showed that in an airplane cabin (Boeing 737), 80% of particles from a coughing person were removed 5-12 times faster than from a similar indoor commercial space, which resulted in 7 times less particulate mass inhaled. Davis et al. (Mar 26, 2021). Comparison of Cough Particle…
SARS-CoV-2 Acquisition and Immune Pathogenesis Among School-Aged Learners in Four K-12 Schools
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] A study of SARS-CoV-2 infection in four schools (A-D) with either remote or onsite learning determined that infections in schools reflected regional infection rates rather than learning modality type (remote vs. onsite). School A (mostly low-income Hispanic students, remote instruction) had the highest frequency of infection (9/70, 12.9%) and IgG positivity (13/70,…
March 25, 2021
Risk for Fomite-Mediated Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Child Daycares, Schools, Nursing Homes, and Offices
A transmission model suggests that hourly cleaning and disinfection alone could interrupt fomite transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in some office settings, but would not be sufficient for child daycares and schools and should be combined with measures to reduce viral shedding such as mask wearing. Model estimates show that sustained transmission may be possible based on…
March 23, 2021
COVID-19 Cases Among Employees of U.S. Federal and State Prisons
The prevalence of COVID-19 infection among prison staff was estimated to be 3.2 times higher than the general U.S. population during the period of March 31, 2020 to November 4, 2020, according to an analysis of publicly available reports from the Bureau of Prisons. In 89% of jurisdictions, case burden among prison staff was greater…
March 19, 2021
Shelter Characteristics, Infection Prevention Practices, and Universal Testing for SARS-CoV-2 at Homeless Shelters in 7 US Urban Areas
Findings from SARS-CoV-2 testing offered to clients and staff at 63 homeless shelters, irrespective of symptoms, found lower prevalence of infection at shelters that implemented head-to-toe sleeping and that excluded symptomatic staff from working. Shelters with medical services available were less likely to have very high infection prevalence (defined as >10%). Self, J et al….
Pilot Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 Secondary Transmission in Kindergarten Through Grade 12 Schools Implementing Mitigation Strategies — St. Louis County and City of Springfield, Missouri, December 2020
School-based SARS-CoV-2 secondary transmission occurred in 2% of 102 close contacts identified in investigations of cases that occurred in K-12 schools (n=22) in Springfield and St. Louis County, Missouri. All schools offered in person-learning, with 21,342 (70%) students attending in-person at least part-time. While schools in both counties implemented COVID-19 mitigation strategies, schools in Springfield…
Low SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in Elementary Schools — Salt Lake County, Utah, December 3, 2020–January 31, 2021
Despite high community incidence and an inability to space classroom seats at least 6 feet apart, there was low SARS-CoV-2 transmission and no school-related outbreaks in 20 Salt Lake County elementary schools. Schools documented high mask adherence among students and also implemented multiple strategies to limit transmission. The authors suggest that these findings add to…
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