Result for
Topic: Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions
June 25, 2020
Relationships Between Initial COVID-19 Risk Perceptions and Protective Health Behaviors: A National Survey
An online survey of a nationally representative US sample (n=6,684) found that the median perceived risk of infection with COVID-19 was 10% and death was 5%. An increase of 1 quartile in perceived infection risk was associated with 1.5-fold greater likelihood of reporting handwashing and a 1.2-fold greater likelihood of practicing social distancing behavior. de Bruin and Bennett. (May 22, 2020). Relationships Between Initial COVID-19 Risk Perceptions and Protective Health Behaviors: A National Survey. American Journal of…
June 23, 2020
Respiratory Virus Shedding in Exhaled Breath and Efficacy of Face Masks
Use of a surgical mask significantly reduced the proportion of droplets and aerosols with detectable virus among children and adults with confirmed seasonal coronavirus and seasonal influenza infection. Among 17 patients with seasonal coronavirus, virus was detected in 30% of droplets and 40% of aerosols among those randomized to not wear a surgical mask compared to 0% detection in both droplets and aerosols of…
June 22, 2020
Lay Perspectives on Social Distancing and Other Official Recommendations and Regulations in the Time of COVID-19: A Qualitative Study of Social Media Posts
A qualitative study using data from Reddit, Twitter, and YouTube comments revealed that people ignore COVID-19-related orders and recommendations of authorities due to many reasons, including information pollution on social media, the persistence of uncertainty about the rapidly spreading virus, the impact of the social environment, and fear of unemployment associated with inequality in the distribution of income. …
June 19, 2020
Does Culture Matter Social Distancing under the COVID-19 Pandemic?
Using Google COVID-19 community mobility reports, Huynh demonstrated that countries with a higher “Uncertainty Avoidance Index” had a lower proportion of people gathering in public, even after controlling for gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. Huynh. (Oct 2020). Does Culture Matter Social Distancing under the COVID-19 Pandemic? Safety Science. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104872
June 18, 2020
Measure What Matters: Counts of Hospitalized Patients Are a Better Metric for Health System Capacity Planning for a Reopening
Kashyap et al. used data from Stanford University medical facilities between March 2 and April 11, 2020 to measure to the impact of Shelter-In-Place orders on hospital utilization. They observed a marked slowdown in the hospitalization rate within ten days of Shelter-In-Place orders and a shift toward younger ages among COVID-19 patients. The authors discuss that current published prediction models use case counts that do not account for the…
June 17, 2020
Community Use Of Face Masks And COVID-19: Evidence From A Natural Experiment Of State Mandates In The US
A comparison of COVID-19 case trends between US counties (n=2,930) found small differences in case trends comparing between counties with and without face mask mandates before the implementation of the mandate and larger and statistically significant differences in counties after they implemented face mask mandates. Compared to counties that did not implement a face mask mandate, daily case rates declined by 0.9% within…
Geospatial Digital Monitoring of COVID-19 Cases at High Spatiotemporal Resolution
De Ridder et al. analyzed the daily geographical clustering dynamics of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Geneva, Switzerland and found no clusters form within the first 8 days of detection of the first positive patient—indicating a window in which transmission to neighbors can be curbed—and that the first clusters emerged in areas of high population density. The authors propose use…
June 15, 2020
Effect of Social Distancing on COVID-19 Incidence and Mortality in the US
[pre-print, not peer reviewed] VoPham et al. used nationwide smartphone GPS data for 3,054 counties (94%) in all 50 states and Washington, DC, to estimate county-level social distancing based on (1) change in average distance traveled (per device), (2) change in non-essential venue visitation (e.g., hair salons), and (3) the probability that two users were in close proximity. Stay-at-home orders were associated with a…
Use of Face Coverings by the Public during the COVID-19 Pandemic an Observational Study
[pre-print, not peer reviewed] Arp et al. examined the use of face coverings at grocery stores across 20 counties in Wisconsin between May 16 and June 1, 2020. Of 3,271 people observed, 41% used face coverings. Adults (aOR=1.65), females (aOR=1.43) and customers at a more expensive grocery store (aOR=1.95) were more likely to be wearing face coverings. Arp et al. (June…
June 12, 2020
Identifying Airborne Transmission as the Dominant Route for the Spread of COVID-19
Zhang et al. analyzed COVID-19 linear trends in the number of COVID-19 cases and fatalities in Wuhan (China), Italy, and the US in relation to the implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions. The authors interpret their findings as evidence that transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is predominantly airborne (aerosol) and that social distancing will not prevent airborne transmission without face coverings. [EDITORIAL NOTE: These results should be interpreted with caution. Ecological comparisons and temporal analyses, particularly…
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