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Topic: Public Health Policy and Practice
January 6, 2021
Exposure to Common Geographic COVID-19 Prevalence Maps and Public Knowledge, Risk Perceptions, and Behavioral Intentions
Providing maps with COVID-19 case information did not improve public knowledge, risk perception, or reported intent to adhere to health guidelines according to results from a survey study. Participants were randomized to receive 1 of 6 maps (or no map) containing information on COVID-19 cases and scored on scales on total/per capita cases (score range…
January 5, 2021
Excess Deaths during Influenza and Coronavirus Disease and Infection-Fatality Rate for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, the Netherlands
There was a 41% excess in deaths in the Netherlands during the COVID-19 epidemic. While the excess in deaths recorded during the COVID-19 epidemic were comparable to the 18% excess during a more severe influenza epidemic during 2017-18, the COVID-19 excess deaths occurred in a shorter time frame, were characterized by a higher peak, and…
Validity of the National Health Security Preparedness Index as a Predictor of Excess COVID-19 Mortality
A tool developed by the Center for Disease Control to measure the United States capacity for responding to public health emergencies (the National Health Security Preparedness Index (NHSPI)) poorly predicted excess COVID-19 mortality rates during the first 6 months of the pandemic. State- and territorial-level excess mortality rates for all 50 states and Puerto Rico…
Data-Driven Reopening of Urban Public Education Through Chicago’s Tracking of COVID-19 School Transmission
Data from COVID-19 contact tracing conducted in a large urban private school system in Chicago show that the attack rate for those participating in in-person learning was lower than working-age adults (0.2% for students and 0.5% for staff, compared to 0.7% for working age adults). Data were collected during August to October 2020, during a…
January 4, 2021
Prevalence and Clinical Profile of SARS-CoV-2 Infection among Farmworkers in Monterey County California June-November 2020
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] A prospective surveillance study of SARS-CoV-2 infection and antibody prevalence among farmworkers in California’s Salinas Valley from June 15 to November 30, 2020 found 22% positivity for nucleic acid detection among workers tested at federally-qualified migrant and community health clinics, as compared to 17% among other adults from the same communities (RR=1.3)….
Communicating Scientific Uncertainty in an Age of COVID-19: An Investigation into the Use of Preprints by Digital Media Outlets
An analysis of framing devices used by digital media outlets to emphasize the scientific uncertainty of COVID-19-related pre-prints (e.g., mentioning that the study was a pre-print, unreviewed, preliminary) in the early stages of the pandemic found that news outlets frequently did not identify the research they cited as pre-print research, and instead identified it as…
Refuting Spurious COVID-19 Treatment Claims Reduces Demand and Misinformation Sharing
A study investigating the impact of COVID-19 misinformation on hypothetical demand (i.e., willingness-to-pay) for an unproven treatment and propensity to spread misinformation online among US adults (N=678) found that prior exposure to misinformation increased misinformation promotion by 18%. The study tested two interventions to counteract the misinformation: a tentative or “diplomatic” refutation based on materials…
The Association of Previous Influenza Vaccination and Coronavirus Disease-2019
Results from a population-based study conducted from February-April 2020 among members of a health maintenance organization (n=715,164) showed that compared to non-vaccinated people, receiving at least one influenza vaccination was associated with a significantly reduced rate of SARS-CoV-2 positivity. The odds ratios for SARS-CoV-2 infection among individuals vaccinated for influenza in 2018–2019 was 0.82, 2019–2020…
December 30, 2020
Patient Characteristics Associated With Telemedicine Access for Primary and Specialty Ambulatory Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Patients scheduled for telemedicine visits who were older, Asian, non-English-speaking and on Medicaid had lower uptake of telemedicine visits during the early phase of the pandemic in a retrospective cohort study of 148,402 patients in Pennsylvania. Patients who were older, female, Black, Latinx, and those with income <$50,000 had less video use. No significant differences…
Association of Substance Use Disorders and Drug Overdose with Adverse COVID-19 Outcomes in New York City: January–October 2020
A history of substance use disorder (SUD) and drug overdose is a risk factor for adverse outcomes in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in New York City. In a retrospective review of the medical records from 188,653 patients diagnosed with COVID in the NYU system, both SUD and drug overdose were associated with hospitalization, ICU admission,…
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