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Topic: Public Health Policy and Practice
May 4, 2021
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2: A Canary in the Coal Mine for Public Safety Net Hospitals
Among 350 women admitted for delivery at a safety net hospital in Maricopa County, Arizona in July 2020, women with refugee status (n=45) had a 2-fold higher prevalence of PCR-positive SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to nonrefugee patients (18% vs 9%). Johnson-Agbakwu et al. (Mar 21, 2021). Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2: A Canary in the Coal…
April 29, 2021
Association of Maternal SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Pregnancy With Neonatal Outcomes
SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy (from conception to 1 week after birth) was significantly associated with a 1.4-fold higher risk of any neonatal respiratory disorder after matching for maternal characteristics in a nationwide cohort study in Sweden (n=88,159 infants). Admission for neonatal care, respiratory distress syndrome, and hyperbilirubinemia were also associated with maternal SARS-CoV-2 test positivity….
April 28, 2021
Actual Racial/Ethnic Disparities in COVID-19 Mortality for the Non-Hispanic Black Compared to Non-Hispanic White Population in 35 US States and Their Association with Structural Racism
A study using CDC data to examine COVID-19 mortality rates for non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic Black populations across US states found that structural racism was associated with increased mortality in Black populations. Using a state-level index of structural racism and adjusting for age, each standard deviation increase in the racism index was associated with a…
April 26, 2021
Association of Maternal Perinatal SARS-CoV-2 Infection With Neonatal Outcomes During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Massachusetts
Five of 255 neonates (2.2%) born to women who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 within 2 weeks before and 72 hours after delivery also tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (88% of newborns were tested). A positive neonatal test was associated with higher maternal social vulnerability (aOR = 5.0). Adverse outcomes during hospitalization were associated with preterm delivery…
Assessment of Contact Tracing for COVID-19 among People Experiencing Homelessness, Salt Lake County Health Department, March-May 2020
A study comparing person-based contact tracing for SARS-CoV-2 among people experiencing homelessness (PEH) compared to the general population in Utah between March and May 2020 found that PEH were more likely to be lost to follow-up at the end of isolation (14%), provided fewer contacts per case (0.31), and their contacts were more often unreachable…
April 23, 2021
Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Health Insurance Coverage among Trauma Patients: A Study of Six Level I Trauma Centers
An analysis of hospitalized adult patients admitted at 6 US Level I trauma centers from 2018-2020 (N=31,225) found that the proportion of patients without health insurance increased from 15% to 21%. The authors hypothesized that the proportion of patients without insurance would increase due to higher rates of unemployment during the pandemic. However, the proportion…
April 21, 2021
The Nature and Extent of COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy in Healthcare Workers
The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine hesitancy worldwide varied from 4.3% to 72% (mean 22.5%), according to an analysis of 35 studies with 76,471 healthcare workers. The main reasons survey participants gave for hesitancy were concerns about safety, efficacy, and potential side effects. Participants who were male, older, and held doctoral degrees were more likely to…
April 20, 2021
The Increase in the Risk of Severity and Fatality Rate of Covid-19 in Southern Brazil after the Emergence of the Variant of Concern (VOC) SARS-CoV-2 P.1 Was Greater among Young Adults without Pre-Existing Risk Conditions
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] A higher proportion of younger patients (age <60 years) were observed among severe COVID-19 cases leading to death (28%) in the second wave in Brazil (February 2021) as compared to the first wave (18%) (November-December 2020). This second wave was predominantly the P.1 variant. Similarly, a higher proportion of patients without pre-existing…
April 16, 2021
Safely Social: Promoting and Sustaining Adolescent Engagement in Social Distancing During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Adolescents motivated by preventing others from getting sick were more likely to engage in physical distancing to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission, according to over 6,000 assessments from a national sample of US adolescents (n=444, aged 13-18 years). Daily social support from friends, connectedness with friends via technology, and practical knowledge on preventing transmission of SARS-CoV-2 predicted…
SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Correctional Staff in the Federal Bureau of Prisons
SARS-CoV-2 infections were reported by 665 Federal Bureau of Prisons (FOB) staff across 60% of institutions from March to June 2020, corresponding to a case rate of 1,767 per 100,000. Among institutions that experienced outbreaks, the staff case rate was 4,813 per 100,000. Infections among staff working in lower security prisons and detention centers that…
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