Result for
Topic: Testing and Treatment
May 18, 2020
Establishment of an African Green Monkey Model for COVID-19
African green monkeys can be used as an animal mode for SARS-CoV-2 infection. African green monkeys experience high levels of SARS-CoV-2 replication and develop pronounced respiratory disease following a much lower and more natural dose of SARS-CoV-2 than has been employed in other non-human primate studies. The heterologous response of African green monkeys along with the ability to collect tissues and longitudinal samples permits a…
Early and Massive Testing Saves Lives COVID-19: Related Infections and Deaths in the United States during March of 2020
A prediction model using COVID-19 data from the US up to March 31, 2020 indicates that early testing for SARS-CoV-2 with a large number of tests per capita is associated lower cumulative mortality in eighteen states. Hittner et al. (May 16, 2020). Early and Massive Testing Saves Lives COVID-19: Related Infections and Deaths in the United States during March of 2020. Pre-print downloaded May 18 from https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.14.20102483
IgA MAb Blocks SARS-CoV-2 Spike-ACE2 Interaction Providing Mucosal Immunity
Ejemel et al. identified a cross-reactive human IgA monoclonal antibody (MAb362) than can bind to both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins and competitively block hACE2 receptor binding. It also neutralizes both pseudotyped SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 in human epithelial cells expressing hACE2. MAb362 IgA may provide effective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 by inducing mucosal immunity within the respiratory system, a potentially critical feature of an effective vaccine. Ejemel et al….
May 15, 2020
Rapid Implementation of Real-Time SARS-CoV-2 Sequencing to Investigate Healthcare-Associated COVID-19 Infections
Using a sequencing method with a sample-to-sequence delay of less than 24 hours, paired with a reporting system that integrates these genomic data with epidemiological data, Meredith et al. identified both hospital and community clusters among patients from a UK hospital. In addition to detecting cryptic transmission events, this real-time genomic surveillance approach was used to inform infection control and patient safety practices. …
Saliva Is Less Sensitive than Nasopharyngeal Swabs for COVID-19 Detection in the Community Setting
Saliva-based testing, compared to nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS), was found to be 15% less sensitive in a community-based diagnostic setting (N=88) and 50% less sensitive in a convalescent cohort (>8 and <21 days from first symptoms; N=24). In the community-based diagnostic setting, saliva samples were randomized to two collection tube types (OM-505 and OGD-610) with different proprietary nucleic acid stabilization solutions, and testing was completed at Helix, a high-complexity CLIA laboratory. NPS samples were…
May 14, 2020
COVID-19 in Post-Operative Patients: Imaging Findings
COVID-19 clinical manifestations are similar to septic, thoracic, or gastrointestinal post-surgical complications. Moliere and Veillon recommend that patients who develop acute post-operative symptoms should receive chest computed tomography (CT) scans. Among 46 post-operative patients with acute symptoms, they found that 17% (n=8) were diagnosed with COVID-19 via chest CT scan (confirmed by PCR an average 1.2 days later). Among these patients, 5 required…
Performance of the Rapid Nucleic Acid Amplification by Abbott ID NOW COVID-19 in Nasopharyngeal Swabs Transported in Viral Media and Dry Nasal Swabs in a New York City Academic Institution
A comparison study found that the Abbot ID NOW COVID-19 assay missed one-third of the samples that tested positive by Cepheid Xpert Xpress when using NP swabs in VTM and missed over 48% when using dry nasal swabs. While the Abbot ID NOW COVID-19 platform offers faster turn-around time compared to RT-PCR platforms, it may have poor sensitivity, resulting in a high false negative rate. Basu. (2020). Performance of…
Early Safety Indicators of COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma in 5000 Patients
Joyner et al. evaluated the safety of transfusing ABO-compatible human COVID-19 convalescent plasma among 5,000 hospitalized adults with severe COVID-19 disease. Only 36 (<1%) serious adverse events were reported in the first four hours after transfusion, only 2 of which were judged by the treating physician to be related to the convalescent plasma transfusion. Although…
May 13, 2020
Treatment of COVID-19 Patients with Convalescent Plasma in Houston Texas
Salazar et al. explored the safety of convalescent plasma therapy among 25 patients with severe and/or life-threatening COVID-19 disease enrolled at the Houston Methodist hospitals. Patients were transfused with convalescent plasma obtained from donors with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection who been symptom free for 14 days. At 7 days post-transfusion, 9 patients had at least a 1-point improvement in clinical scale, and 7 of those…
Association of Vitamin D Deficiency and Treatment with COVID-19 Incidence
A retrospective cohort study found some evidence that a vitamin D deficiency in the past year was associated with an increased risk of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2. Meltzer et al. (May 13, 2020). Association of Vitamin D Deficiency and Treatment with COVID-19 Incidence. Pre-print downloaded May 13 from https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.08.20095893
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