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Topic: Transmission
December 1, 2020
Absence of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission from Children in Isolation to Guardians, South Korea
In an observational study of 12 SARS-CoV-2 positive children isolating with their uninfected guardians in hospital rooms in Korea, none of the guardians became SARS-CoV-2 positive despite frequent close contact. All guardians complied with wearing PPE, including gloves and a variety of masks, while only 4 children complied well with mask use. Two guardian-child pairs…
November 30, 2020
No Evidence for Increased Transmissibility from Recurrent Mutations in SARS-CoV-2
Phylogenetic analysis of recurrent mutations identified in a dataset of 46,723 SARS-CoV-2 viral genomes isolated from patients across the world did not detect any single mutation that was associated with significantly increased transmission ability; overall SARS-CoV-2 genomic diversity was limited. The study focused on identifying homoplasies, traits or sites that independently emerged over time. The…
Outdoor Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and Other Respiratory Viruses, a Systematic Review
A systematic review assessing the risk of transmission of respiratory viruses in outdoor versus indoor settings found that overall risk is lower outdoors, but there are gaps in the evidence. Five studies showed that few reported global SARS-CoV-2 infections have occurred outdoors (<10%) and the odds of indoor transmission was much higher (18.7 times, 95%…
Inference of Active Viral Replication in Cases with Sustained Positive RT-PCRs for SARS-CoV-2. Journal of Clinical Microbiology
A study of patients with persistent positive RT-PCR results for SARS-CoV-2 concluded that the presence of subgenomic (SG) viral RNA, which is only found in replicating viruses, might indicate that some patients had actively replicating virus. Samples from 60 individuals who had prolonged viral shedding (24-101 days) since their first RT-PCR test were evaluated. SG…
SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in an Urban Community: The Role of Children and Household Contacts
A retrospective study of infection patterns among contacts of 71 children with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in an urban setting found that fewer than half of children who tested positive had a household sick contact (HHSC). HHSCs were defined as someone who either tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 or who had symptoms consistent with COVID-19. In all…
November 24, 2020
Community Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 by Fomites Risks and Risk Reduction Strategies
Pre-print, not peer reviewed] Examining SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk via fomites using the Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment framework suggests risks posed by contacting surfaces are low in communities with infection prevalence ranging from 0.2%-5%. Compared to surface disinfection, hand disinfection reduced the relative risk of transmission independent of community prevalence and frequency of contact, even at…
A Systematic Review of Surface Contamination, Stability, and Disinfection Data on SARS-CoV-2 (Through July 10, 2020)
A systematic review and meta-analysis (n=78 studies) found that laboratories had the highest proportion of surfaces test positive for SARS-CoV-2 while household surfaces had the lowest. In assessing surface stability using infectivity, half-life of SARS-CoV-2 on stainless steel, plastic, and nitrile was 2.3-17.9 hours, and decreased at higher temperature and humidity. Disinfection studies with SARS-CoV-2…
November 23, 2020
Impact of Age on Duration of Viral RNA Shedding in Patients with COVID-19
Older age was associated with a longer duration of SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding among a cohort of 384 patients admitted from January 11, 2020 to March 24, 2020 in Wuhan, China (adjusted OR=1.02, 95%CI=1.01-1.04; p=0.003). The median duration of viral RNA shedding was 32 days (range 4-111 days). Zhou et al. (Nov 15, 2020). Impact of…
Lack of Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV in Poultry
Inoculation of SARS-CoV-2 or MERS-CoV into 5 poultry species (chickens, turkeys, ducks, quail, and geese; 10 birds of each species included) did not show clinical signs of disease, virus replication in oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs, nor serum antibody response in serum at 14 days post-challenge. The authors suggest that poultry are unlikely to support replication…
Evidence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Reinfection After Recovery from Mild Coronavirus Disease 2019
Genetic sequencing among 6 patients who retested positive for SARS-CoV-2 via rRT-PCR after recovery from initial infection identified one reinfection with a subtype of SARS-CoV-2 strain in the spike protein D614G substitution, that was genetically distinct from the initial infection. The positive test with the new strain occurred 26 days after the initial positive test…
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