Result for
Topic: Transmission
June 17, 2020
Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 in Breastmilk from 18 Infected Women
[pre-print, not peer reviewed] One out of 64 (2%) serial breastmilk samples from 18 SARS-CoV-2 infected women (1 asymptomatic) in the US was positive for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR. The positive sample was collected on the day of symptom onset. Samples 2 days prior and 12 and 14 days later were negative and viral culture of the positive sample was negative. In a separate analysis, replication-competent…
June 16, 2020
Identifying Locations with Possible Undetected Imported Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Cases by Using Importation Predictions
Early in the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, most cases were linked to recent travel history from China, suggesting that air travel played a major role in importation of cases. Using data from February 2020, De Salazar et al. found that daily air travel volume was positively correlated with imported cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection. They estimated that increasing flight volume by 31…
COVID-19 Outbreak Associated with Air Conditioning in Restaurant, Guangzhou, China, 2020
An outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 among 10 people from 3 family units was linked to an indoor air-conditioned restaurant in Guangzhou, China. Examination of the potential routes of transmission suggest that the most likely cause of this outbreak was droplet transmission from one asymptomatic index patient. The authors recommend increasing the distance between tables and improving…
Differential Occupational Risk for COVID-19 and Other Infection Exposure According to Race and Ethnicity
Using disaggregated employment data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, Hawkins found that occupational segregation by race may contribute to racial disparities in SARS-CoV-2 infection. The author found that black Americans were more likely to be employed in essential industries (e.g. healthcare, animal slaughtering), occupations with higher exposure to infections (e.g. nursing), and occupations with close proximity to others (e.g. bus drivers, flight attendants). …
June 15, 2020
Maternal Transmission of SARS‐COV‐2 to the Neonate, and Possible Routes for Such Transmission: A Systematic Review and Critical Analysis
Walker et al. conducted a systematic review with 49 studies including 666 neonates to estimate the risk of neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infection. In total, 8/292 (3%) vaginally delivered neonates and 20/374 (5%) Caesarean births developed confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Walker et al. (June 12, 2020). Maternal Transmission of SARS‐COV‐2 to the Neonate, and Possible Routes for Such Transmission: A Systematic Review and Critical Analysis….
Natural History of Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Sakurai et al. reported a case series of 90 patients from the Diamond Princess cruise ship who were asymptomatic when they tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, and remained asymptomatic throughout the course of the infection. The median number of days between the first positive PCR result and the first of the two serial negative results was 9 days (IQR 6-11, range 3-21), and the cumulative percentages…
Duration of Viral Shedding in Asymptomatic or Mild Cases of Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) from a Cruise Ship: A Single-Hospital Experience in Tokyo, Japan.
Miyamae et al. found the median duration of viral shedding among 23 passengers from the Diamond Princess cruise ship with asymptomatic or mild SARS-CoV-2 infection was 19 days (range 6-37 days) from initial viral detection. Eight people (35%) had another positive PCR result after testing negative once. Miyamae et al. (June 8, 2020). Duration of Viral Shedding in Asymptomatic or Mild Cases of…
June 12, 2020
Genetic Cluster Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 and the Identification of Those Responsible for the Major Outbreaks in Various Countries
Phylodynamic analysis of 247 genomic sequences available by early March identified four genetic clusters, defined as super-spreader clusters (SSs), which were found to be responsible for the major outbreaks that followed. Ninety percent of an additional 1,539 genome sequences reported from early March onwards were found to belong to these SSs, with SS4 (responsible for the outbreak…
Temperature, Humidity, and Latitude Analysis to Estimate Potential Spread and Seasonality of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Sajadi et al. found that 8 cities with substantial community spread of COVID-19 were located along a restricted latitude across different continents, and had consistently similar weather patterns characterized by mean temperature between 5-11°C and low humidity, compared with 42 cities without such spread. This is consistent with the behavior of a seasonal respiratory virus, and points to weather modeling as a possible predictor of high…
June 11, 2020
Genomic Surveillance Reveals Multiple Introductions of SARS-CoV-2 into Northern California
Phylogenetic analyses of samples from 36 patients in Northern California and the Grand Princess cruise ship showed at least 7 different SARS-CoV-2 lineages were introduced into California, including the epidemic WA1 strains associated with Washington State, with lack of a predominant lineage and limited transmission between communities. The authors conclude that these findings support contact tracing, social distancing, and travel restrictions to contain SARS-CoV-2…
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