Result for
Topic: Transmission
May 1, 2020
Addressing multiple gastroenterological aspects of COVID-19
Eder et al. review current evidence of gastrointestinal (GI) involvement in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Approximately 10% of COVID-19 cases experience GI symptoms that precede respiratory symptoms and fever, and 50% of all cases report GI symptoms. Although there is growing evidence that GI manifestations are an important clinical characteristic, the mechanisms remain unclear. Although…
Potential spreading risks and disinfection challenges of medical wastewater by the presence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral RNA in septic tanks of Fangcang hospital
Zhang et al. identified SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA in septic tanks of Wuchang Fangcang Hospital after disinfection with sodium hypochlorite (bleach). They posit that the virus may embed in fecal particles that resist disinfection. The liquid waste showed no evidence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA when overdosed with sodium hypochlorite but this resulted in high a level of…
April 30, 2020
The role of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections: rapid living systematic review and meta-analysis
Findings from this systematic review suggest that most SARS-CoV-2 infections are not asymptomatic throughout the course of infection, contrary to modeling studies that have suggested that 80-90% of SARS-CoV-2 transmissions are asymptomatic. From 8 included studies, the authors estimated the upper bound for the proportion of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections to be 29% (95% CI: 23-37%)….
April 28, 2020
Impact of temperature on the dynamics of COVID-19 outbreak in China
This study examines the relationship between daily confirmed COVID-19 cases and temperature using data from 31 provincial regions in China. The authors’ model showed a significant decrease in incidence with temperatures above 46-50⁰F. This suggests that temperature played an important role in the outbreak of COVID-19 in China, and may be useful in predicting the…
Exposure to air pollution and COVID-19 mortality in the United States: A nationwide cross-sectional study
A cross-sectional ecological study used county-level data representing 98% of the US population to investigate the association between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and COVID-19 death. The authors found a statistically significant increase of only 1 𝜇g/m3 in PM2.5 is associated with an 8% increase in the COVID-19 death rate (95% CI: 2-15%). Findings underscore the…
Regional differences in reported Covid-19 cases show genetic correlations with higher socio-economic status and better health, potentially confounding studies on the genetics of disease susceptibility
This regional genome-wide association study included data from 396,042 individuals in England to investigate the association between genetic variants and regional differences in reported COVID-19 cases. The author found a temporary positive relationship between COVID-19 cases and regional socioeconomic status at the beginning of the outbreak, the opposite direction of expected disease increasing effects, and…
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: Analysis of a COVID-19 Observational Registry for a Diverse U.S. Metropolitan Population
A cross sectional analysis of 4,513 individuals, including 754 positive cases, explores race disparities and potential mediating pathways (low income, high population density, and high comorbidity burden). Findings show that African American race and Hispanic ethnicity are associated with higher likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 infection, even after adjusting for other important socio-demographic and comorbidity factors. The…
April 27, 2020
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Vertical Transmission in Neonates Born to Mothers With COVID-19 Pneumonia
Hu et al report on seven cases of COVID-19 during late pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. Maternal and neonatal samples were tested with PCR for evidence of vertical transmission. Amniotic fluid samples obtained at delivery from seven patients were negative, and one of the seven neonates tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection. These findings suggest that the…
Presymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infections and Transmission in a Skilled Nursing Facility
This study assessed transmission and evaluated the adequacy of symptom-based screening to identify infections in residents in a skilled nursing facility. Of the 48 residents registered for the study, 56% were asymptomatic at second testing and 50% subsequently developed symptoms. A RT-PCR sequencing of specimens isolated from 34 residents fitted into two clusters with a…
The dynamics of Covid-19: weather, demographics and infection timeline
Pedrosa studied the effects of weather variables, population density and the timeline of Covid-19 infection on the early pace of spread of Covid-19 all 50 U.S. states and 110 countries. Findings suggest that higher the temperature and the absolute humidity were associated with faster Covid-19 transmission in U.S. states in the early stages of the…
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