Result for
Topic: Transmission
April 15, 2020
Time-Varying COVID-19 Reproduction Number in the United States
Gunzler and Sehgal calculated the current reproduction number (R0) for COVID-19 for each state in the United States. For the entire United States, they report that the time-varying R0 declined from 4.02 to 1.51 between March 17 and April 1, 2020, suggesting that social isolation measures may be having a beneficial effect. Gunzler and Sehgal…
Household secondary attack rate of COVID-19 and associated determinants
Jing et al. used a comprehensive contact-tracing dataset to estimate population-level effective RO and individual-level SAR in the household setting and to assess age effects on transmissibility and infectivity of COVID-19 cases during the incubation period. They reported household SAR to be 13.8% between relatives within households and 19.3% in same residential address as the…
COVID-19 outbreak at a large homeless shelter in Boston: Implications for universal testing
Baggett et al describe rapid transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in homeless shelter in Boston, where 36% (147/408) inhabitants tested positive. Positive individuals were more likely to be male, but did not differ significantly from COVID-negative individuals with respect to other demographic and clinical characteristics. Signs like cough, shortness of breath, and fever were all uncommon among…
April 14, 2020
Prolonged presence of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA in faecal samples
Wu et al present SARS-CoV-2 RT PCR results from respiratory and fecal samples taken from 98 COVID-19 patients at a Chinese hospital, throughout the course of their illness and quarantine period. Their data suggest the possibility of extended duration of viral shedding in feces for nearly 5 weeks after respiratory samples tested negative, which may…
Nosocomial infection among patients with coronavirus disease-2019: a retrospective data analysis of 918 cases from a single center in Wuhan city, China
This 1:4 paired case-control study of COVID-19 patients with nosocomial infections (NI) (n=65) and patients without NI (n=260) explored influencing factors of infection. The authors determined that NI are common among patients with COVID-19, and that special attention should be paid to diabetic patients and patients with invasive devices. He et al. (April 13, 2020)….
Transmission of COVID-19 to Health Care Personnel During Exposures to a Hospitalized Patient — Solano County, California, February 2020
The CDC presents data on 121 heath care personnel (HCP) exposed to the first confirmed case of community-acquired COVID-19, of whom 43 developed symptoms during the 14 days after exposure and 3 had positive test results. Unprotected, prolonged patient contact, as well as certain exposures, including some aerosol-generating procedures, were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in…
April 13, 2020
COVID-19 in a patient with long-term use of glucocorticoids: A study of a familial cluster
Han et al report a familial cluster of COVID-19 where a 47-year-old woman with long-term use of glucocorticoids did not develop any symptoms within the 14- day quarantine period but was confirmed with COVID-19 on day 40 after she left Wuhan. The results suggest that the long-term use of glucocorticoids might cause atypical infections, a…
The Presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Feces of COVID-19 Patients
Chen et al reported on fecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients, including those without gastrointestinal symptoms, and the severity of illness. They reported 7 (6-10) days as duration of viral shedding from feces after negative conversion in pharyngeal swabs, and suggested the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 transmission via the fecal-oral route. Chen et al. (April…
April 10, 2020
No Association of COVID-19 transmission with temperature or UV radiation in Chinese cities
The authors explored the association between meteorological factors and COVID-19 transmission in 224 Chinese cities. No significant associations were found, suggesting that ambient temperature and UV radiation may not have a significant impact on SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Yao et al. (Apr 1, 2020). No Association of COVID-19 transmission with temperature or UV radiation in Chinese cities….
Geographic Differences in COVID-19 Cases, Deaths, and Incidence — United States, February 12–April 7, 2020
This MMWR report includes geographic differences in COVID-19 cases, deaths, and changes in incidence in the US, with cumulative incidence ranging widely from 20.6 to 915.3 cases per 100,000 population. These differences likely reflect a combination of jurisdiction-specific epidemiologic and population-level factors, including 1) the timing of COVID-19 introductions; 2) population density; 3) age distribution…
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