Result for
Topic: Transmission
April 13, 2021
A Public Health Antibody Screening Indicates a Marked Increase of SARS-CoV-2 Exposure Rate in Children during the Second Wave
SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among children aged 1-10 years in Bavaria, Germany increased from 0.68% during the first wave (January-August 2020) to 3.92% during the second wave (September-February 2021). The authors suggest that the increase in seropositivity was likely caused by generally higher virus exposure during fall and winter, school openings, and the introduction of variants. By…
Changes in Symptomatology, Reinfection, and Transmissibility Associated with the SARS-CoV-2 Variant B.1.1.7: An Ecological Study
B.1.1.7 infections likely cause similar symptoms compared to pre-existing variants, according to an analysis of data from the COVID-19 Symptom Study app users obtained during a period when the B.1.1.7 variant was surging in the UK (September to December 2020). Participants reported no change in symptoms or disease duration. Only 0.7% of reports indicated possible…
April 12, 2021
Effects of Weather-Related Social Distancing on City-Scale Transmission of Respiratory Viruses: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Residual samples analyzed from patients evaluated for acute respiratory illness in the Seattle metropolitan area in the Seattle Flu Study after unusually high snowfall in Washington State in February 2019 showed that disruption in contact patterns reduced effective contact rates by 16 to 95% and reduced cumulative disease incidence through the remainder of the season…
Infectivity of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Children Compared with Adults
Compared with adults, children with SARS-CoV-2 positive nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) were less likely to grow virus in culture (OR=0.45) and had lower viral concentrations (cycle threshold: 25.1 age≤ 10 years, 22.2 age 11–17 years, and 18.7 in adults), suggesting that children may be less likely to transmit infectious virus. The analysis included samples from children…
April 8, 2021
Functional Evaluation of Proteolytic Activation for the SARS-CoV-2 Variant B.1.1.7 Role of the P681H Mutation
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] In vitro experiments show that while the P681H mutation found in the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 variant was associated with more efficient cleavage of the Spike 1 and Spike 2 (S1/S2) subunits, this did not translate to a significant impact on cell entry or an increase in cell-to- cell spread. Lubinski et al. (Apr 8,…
April 7, 2021
Phylogenetic Estimates of SARS-CoV-2 Introductions into Washington State
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] A phylogenetic analysis of 11,422 publicly available whole genome SARS-CoV-2 sequences found a minimum of 287 separate introductions of SARS-CoV-2 into Washington State in samples collected through September 2020. The majority of introductions into Washington came from a source within the US (61%, range 55-65%) while 39% (range 35-45%) likely came from…
No Evidence of Infectious SARS-CoV-2 in Human Milk Analysis of a Cohort of 110 Lactating Women
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] A cohort study of lactating individuals found that while SARS-CoV-2 RNA could be found in the breastmilk of some people with recent infection, there was no evidence that it contained infectious virus or that breastfeeding posed a risk of infection to infants. Breast milk samples from 110 individuals (65 confirmed positive, 36…
Risk Quantification for SARS-CoV-2 Infection through Airborne Transmission in University Settings
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] An infection probability model of SARS-CoV-2 infection risk in US universities found that in-person lectures can likely be held safely in large lecture halls that allow for social distancing (infection probability <1%), while classes in smaller rooms may not be safe. In addition, while in-person dining may pose higher risk, meals for…
April 6, 2021
Incubation Period of Coronavirus Disease 2019: New Implications for Intervention and Control
The median incubation period between SARS-CoV-2 exposure and symptom onset was 7 days, based on the estimated exposure date from 787 non-Wuhan cases (of which 598 are from mainland China). A longer incubation period was positively correlated with age and negatively correlated with disease severity. 92% of infected persons developed symptoms within 14 days. Huang…
April 5, 2021
Infection- and Vaccine-Induced Antibody Binding and Neutralization of the B.1.351 SARS-CoV-2 Variant
Acutely infected COVID-19 patients and those who received the Moderna vaccine had significantly reduced IgG binding to the B.1.351 variant receptor binding domain (RBD) compared to the B.1-lineage RBD-specific IgG response. However, sera containing polyclonal antibodies to the spike protein could still effectively neutralize B.1.351. Individuals with prior infection or vaccinated individuals had a nearly…
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