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Topic: Vaccines and Immunity
May 7, 2021
Preliminary Analysis of Safety and Immunogenicity of a SARS-CoV-2 Variant Vaccine Booster
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] Preliminary results from a clinical trial (N=80) of a modified Moderna mRNA COVID-19 vaccine administered as a booster 6 months after the two-dose vaccine series induced increases in antibody neutralization titers to the wild type and variant strains B.1.351 and P.1. The authors note that these results demonstrate the ability of a…
Antibody Response to MRNA SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine among Kidney Transplant Recipients – Prospective Cohort Study
A study of kidney transplant recipients who received the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine (N=308) found that only 36% tested positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies 2-4 weeks after receiving the second dose. Factors associated with antibody detection included younger age, higher renal function, and reduced immunosuppression. The authors note that although correlation between antibody levels and protection has not…
Delayed Production of Neutralizing Antibodies Correlates with Fatal COVID-19
A study of humoral immune responses among 229 patients with asymptomatic, mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19 found that persons with delayed neutralizing antibody generation had a higher risk of mortality compared to survivors. Investigators collected multiple serum samples from patients during the course of their illness and examined SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies and IgG levels. Although…
SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Reinfection in a Seroepidemiological Workplace Cohort in the United States
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] A prospective cohort study of SpaceX employees (N=4,111) found a 91% lower odds of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection over 6 months of follow-up among participants with detectable SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at baseline. The study authors adjusted for underlying health conditions and increased risk of exposure as potential confounders. The results suggest that previous infection may…
May 6, 2021
Asymptomatic and Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infections After BNT162b2 Vaccination in a Routinely Screened Workforce
Vaccination with the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine was associated with a 72% lower incidence of a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR result during routine weekly screening for asymptomatic infection among employees of St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital between December 2020 to March 2021 and a greater than 90% reduction in PCR positivity among fully vaccinated individuals. Incidence of asymptomatic…
Efficacy of NVX-CoV2373 Covid-19 Vaccine against the B.1.351 Variant
Results from a multicenter, randomized, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled phase 2a-b trial in South Africa of the NVX-CoV2373 (Novavax) nanoparticle vaccine indicated a 49% vaccine efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 infection among 2,684 participants. 94% of participants were HIV-negative and 6% were people living with HIV. After 1:1 vaccine to placebo randomization, 15 participants in the vaccine arm and…
Impact and Effectiveness of MRNA BNT162b2 Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 Infections and COVID-19 Cases, Hospitalisations, and Deaths Following a Nationwide Vaccination Campaign in Israel: An Observational Study Using National Surveillance Data
Estimated real-world vaccine effectiveness 7 days or more after the second dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine was 95% against SARS-CoV-2 infection according to analysis of national surveillance data from Israel (n=4.7 million) between January to April 2021After adjustment for age, sex, and week of infection, estimated vaccine effectiveness was 92% against aymptomatic infection and 97%…
BNT162b2 MRNA COVID-19 Vaccine Induces Antibodies of Broader Cross-reactivity than Natural Infection but Recognition of Mutant Viruses Is up to 10-fold Reduced
Antibodies induced by the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine had higher binding capacities (avidity) than antibodies induced by natural infection against the receptor binding domain (RBD) containing mutations representative of circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (N501Y, K417N, E484K, and a combination of all three). Vaccine-induced sera (n=6) had 2.5- to 3-fold reduced binding to a RBD containing the…
Association Between Vaccination With BNT162b2 and Incidence of Symptomatic and Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infections Among Health Care Workers
The Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine was associated with a 93% lower incidence of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and 86% lower incidence of asymptomatic infection more than 7 days after the second dose in a retrospective cohort of healthcare workers (HCWs) in Israel (n=6,710). The median follow-up period was 63 days. While vaccination was associated with older age and…
Effectiveness of the BNT162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine against the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 Variants
The Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine was 90% effective against PCR-confirmed infection with the SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7 and 75% effective against the B.1351 variant 14 days after the second dose, according to a nationwide case-control analysis in Qatar through March 2021. Individuals with positive and negative PCR tests were matched on demographics and reason for PCR testing to…
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