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Topic: Vaccines and Immunity
April 20, 2021
Identification of Natural SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Seroprevalence Studies among Vaccinated Populations
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] Anti-nucleocapsid protein (N) antibodies were found to be an accurate method for differentiating between antibodies produced by natural infection and antibodies produced in response to vaccination, according to a study of healthcare workers (n=82). Participants were tested for anti-spike (S) IgG antibodies and anti-N IgG at two time points. No participants were…
April 19, 2021
Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses against SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Human Coronaviruses after Single BNT162b2 Vaccination
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] An assessment of humoral and T cell responses against a wild type SARS-CoV-2 strain, variants of concern (B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and P.1), and endemic human coronaviruses (hCov) induced after the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine found that IgG against the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein was readily detectable at day 14, but inhibition of…
Short‐term Impact of Nursing Home SARS‐CoV‐2 Vaccinations on New Infections, Hospitalizations, and Deaths
A study comparing SARS-CoV-2 infections and hospitalizations in nursing homes (n = 280) that had early vaccine clinics (between December 18, 2020, and January 2, 2021) and later vaccine clinics (between January 3 and January 18, 2021) found that one week following the clinics, nursing homes with earlier clinics had 2.5 fewer incident SARS‐CoV‐2 infections…
Efficacy of the BNT162b2 MRNA COVID-19 Vaccine in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Among patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL, n = 169) who received two doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, the antibody response rate was 39.5% as measured by the Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 assay at a median of 15 days after the second dose. Compared to age- and sex-matched controls, the response rate among patients with CLL was…
“Somebody Like Me”: Understanding COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among Staff in Skilled Nursing Facilities
Responses from focus groups of skilled nursing facility staff (n = 58) conducted between December 17-23, 2020 indicated that to improve their confidence in the vaccine, staff preferred to see local community members or someone like themselves receive the COVID-19, rather than public figures. Among staff who were hesitant to be vaccinated, reasons for hesitancy…
Reduced Humoral Response to MRNA SARS‐Cov‐2 BNT162b2 Vaccine in Kidney Transplant Recipients without Prior Exposure to the Virus
Few kidney transplant recipients (51/136, 38.5%) who had been fully vaccinated with the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine developed a positive response to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, suggesting that this population may remain at risk of infection despite vaccination. Compared to controls, mean IgG anti‐spike levels were lower (31.05 vs 200.5 AU/mL). Older age (OR = 1.7), use…
April 16, 2021
Safety and Reactogenicity of 2 Doses of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients
Observed safety and reactogenicity to 2 doses of mRNA vaccines (Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech) weas similar to that reported in clinical trials among a cohort of US solid organ transplant recipients recruited through social media (n=741). Local site reactions were reported by 85% and 78% of participants and systemic reactions were reported by 49% and 69%…
Distinct Antibody and Memory B Cell Responses in SARS-CoV-2 Naïve and Recovered Individuals Following mRNA Vaccination
A single dose of an mRNA vaccine (Moderna or Pfizer-BioNTech) administered to SARS-CoV-2 naïve individuals produced neutralizing activity against the D614G variant in 50% of recipients and against the B.1.351 variant in 16% of recipients (n=33). Neutralizing activity improved to 100% against the D614G variant and 96% against the against the B.1.351 variant following a…
Spike Antibody Levels of Nursing Home Residents With or Without Prior COVID-19 3 Weeks After a Single BNT162b2 Vaccine Dose
Nursing home residents with a past history of COVID-19 were far more likely than those without a history of COVID-19 to mount an antibody response to the first dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine. Among a cohort of nursing home residents in France, all 36 residents with prior COVID-19 were seropositive for anti-spike (S) IgG antibodies…
SARS-CoV-2 Seropositivity and Subsequent Infection Risk in Healthy Young Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study
US Marine recruits who were seropositive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at baseline were 82% less likely than seronegative individuals to have a PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection during a 6-week long cohort study. The study population consisted of predominantly male US Marine recruits aged 18-20 years (n=3,076). At baseline, all participants were PCR-negative. During the study period, 19…
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