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Topic: Vaccines and Immunity
January 21, 2021
Impact of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 Spike Variant on Neutralisation
[pre-print, not peer reviewed] Sera from participants who received the first dose of the Pfizer vaccine BNT162b2 three weeks prior had no reduction in neutralizing activity against a pseudovirus with the three key spike protein mutations (N501Y, A570D, and 69/70 deletion) in the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 variant with higher transmission potential, compared to the wild-type SARS-CoV-2…
Seroprevalence of Anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG Antibodies in Children with Household Exposure to Adults with COVID‐19: Preliminary Findings
In a study of 30 families with a documented COVID-19 index case, the SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence based on IgG antibody results was similar among adults (59%) and children (52%), despite twice as many children being previously diagnosed with COVID-19. Seroprevalence was also similar among children <5 (50%) and older than 5 years (54%). Buonsenso et al….
January 20, 2021
Do Antibody Positive Healthcare Workers Have Lower SARS-CoV-2 Infection Rates than Antibody Negative Healthcare Workers Large Multi-Centre Prospective Cohort Study (the SIREN Study) England June to November 2020
Prior history of SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with an 83% lower risk of infection in a large, multicenter, prospective cohort study (SIREN) of healthcare workers in England, with median protective effect observed five months following primary infection. The incidence between June 18-November 9, 2020 was 3.3 reinfections per 100,000 person days in the previously-infected cohort,…
SARS-CoV-2 501Y.V2 Escapes Neutralization by South African COVID-19 Donor Plasma
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] The spike protein mutations in the 501Y.V2 lineage first identified in South Africa conferred neutralization escape from multiple classes of SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies, including two major classes targeting an immunodominant, highly antigenic site in the receptor binding domain of the spike protein. This lineage also showed substantial or complete escape from neutralizing…
MRNA Vaccine-Elicited Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and Circulating Variants
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] Among 20 volunteers who received either the Moderna (mRNA-1273) or Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) vaccines, high levels of antibody titers were observed 8 weeks after the second vaccine injection, with neutralizing activity and relative numbers of receptor binding domain (RBD)-specific memory B cells equivalent to those of individuals who recovered from natural infection. Activity…
January 19, 2021
Evolution of Antibody Immunity to SARS-CoV-2
Serological analysis in a cohort of 87 SARS-CoV-2 recovered individuals show that between 1.3 and 6.2 months after infection, IgM and IgG anti-spike receptor binding domain (RBD) antibody titers decrease, and neutralizing activity declines by 5-fold. In contrast, levels of RBD-specific memory B cells remain largely unchanged. Antibodies expressed by the memory B cells at…
Black-White Disparities in 2009 H1N1 Vaccination among Adults in the United States: A Cautionary Tale for the COVID-19 Pandemic
National US survey data (n=45,000) show disparities in beliefs about the safety and efficacy of the H1N1 influenza vaccine across sex and race, which the authors suggest could be relevant for the uptake of COVID-19 vaccines. While H1N1 vaccine uptake was low across groups, Black respondents were more likely than white respondents to express safety…
January 14, 2021
Interim Results of a Phase 1–2a Trial of Ad26.COV2.S Covid-19 Vaccine
Interim results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 1-2a trial of the Johnson & Johnson adenovirus vector vaccine Ad26.COV2.S (n=805) showed acceptable safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity profiles across age and dose groups. Participants included in the interim analysis were split between “cohort 1” (n=402, age 18-55 years), which received two doses 56 days apart, and…
January 13, 2021
Predictors of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Socio-Demographics Co-Morbidity and Past Racial Discrimination
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] A cross-sectional online survey of US adults (n=2,650) conducted between Dec 13 and 23, 2020 found that respondents who reported experiences of racial discrimination had 21% increased odds of higher vaccine hesitancy compared to those who did not report such experience. Vaccine hesitancy was measured using a scale ranging from 1 (low…
January 12, 2021
Will They, or Won’t They? Examining Patients’ Vaccine Intention for Flu and COVID-19 Using the Health Belief Model
Lower vaccine acceptance was associated with younger age (18-49) and lower income (<20,000 per year or undisclosed) in a nationally representative survey conducted in October among US respondents (n=525). Additionally, survey participants who reported not having anyone close to them directly affected by COVID-19 showed significantly more negative COVID-19-related health behavior such as not avoiding…
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