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Topic: Vaccines and Immunity
August 20, 2020
Factors Determining COVID-19 Pneumonia Severity in a Country with Routine BCG Vaccination
• A retrospective cross-sectional study among 123 adults with COVID-19 in Istanbul, Turkey found that the patients with severe disease were less likely to have had a BCG vaccination than patients with mild disease (69% vs 88%), but after adjustment for factors associated with COVID-19 severity, BCG vaccination was not associated with the disease severity….
RNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccine BNT162b2 Selected for a Pivotal Efficacy Study
• [Preprint, not peer-reviewed] Walsh et al. report Phase 1 results of an ongoing dose-escalation clinical trial of two RNA vaccine candidates for SARS-CoV-2 (BNT162b1 and BNT162b2) among 195 healthy adults randomized into 13 groups based on age (18-55 or 65-85 years), vaccine type and vaccine dose. Participants received two injections of either vaccine or…
August 19, 2020
Neutralizing Antibodies Correlate with Protection from SARS-CoV-2 in Humans during a Fishery Vessel Outbreak with High Attack Rate
[Pre-print, not peer reviewed] Three individuals with pre-existing neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were not re-infected while they were aboard a fishing vessel that experienced a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak with a high attack rate, providing some of the first direct evidence for potential immunity following infection. Out of a crew of 122, a total of 104 individuals had a positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test or seroconverted during the…
August 18, 2020
Evaluating the Association of Clinical Characteristics With Neutralizing Antibody Levels in Patients Who Have Recovered From Mild COVID-19 in Shanghai, China
Wu et al. collected plasma at hospital discharge from a cohort of 175 patients who recovered from mild COVID-19 in Shangai and found that the titers of SARS-CoV-2 specific neutralizing antibodies varied substantially, showing a moderate correlation with older age (r=0.414; 95%CI, 0.279-0.533), including 10 patients in whom neutralizing antibodies were below the limit of detection. Wu et al. (Aug…
August 17, 2020
Pre-COVID-19 Humoral Immunity to Common Coronaviruses Does Not Confer Cross-Protection against SARS-CoV-2
[Preprint, not peer-reviewed] Miyara et al. analyzed the sera of 76 healthy French donors drawn in 2015 to test the hypothesis that past infections or immunizations related to the common alpha- and beta-coronavirus could lead to cross-protection against SARS-CoV-2. They reported 6 serological samples (8%) were reactive to SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Additionally, they detected serum IgG reactivity to common…
August 14, 2020
Effect of an Inactivated Vaccine Against SARS-CoV-2 on Safety and Immunogenicity Outcomes
Xia et al. report interim analyses of an ongoing randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 1 (n=96) and 2 (n=224) clinical trials of an inactivated whole-virus COVID-19 vaccine conducted in Henan Province, China. All participants who were randomized completed the trial up to 28 days post-vaccination. Frequency of adverse reactions increased with dose and the most common adverse reactions were injection…
Phase 1/2 Study of COVID-19 RNA Vaccine BNT162b1 in Adults
Mulligan et al. report safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity findings from an ongoing placebo-controlled observer-blinded dose escalation study among 45 healthy adults randomized to receive an anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine that targets the spike glycoprotein receptor-binding domain (two doses 21 days apart). Local reactions and systemic events were generally mild, dose-dependent, and transient. Exceptions included one report of severe…
August 12, 2020
Vaccine Hesitancy” among University Students in Italy during the COVID-19 Pandemic
A cross-sectional study conducted on a convenience sample of Italian university students (n=934) found that 86% would accept a COVID-19 vaccine, while the remainder expressed that they would not or were unsure (i.e. vaccine hesitancy). Barello et al. (Aug 2020). “Vaccine Hesitancy” among University Students in Italy during the COVID-19 Pandemic. European Journal of Epidemiology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-020-00670-z
August 11, 2020
Immunogenicity and Safety of a SARS-CoV-2 Inactivated Vaccine in Healthy Adults Aged 18-59 Years Report of the Randomized Double-Blind and Placebo-Controlled Phase 2 Clinical Trial
[pre-print, not peer-reviewed] Zhang et al. conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the optimal dose, immunogenicity, and safety of a SARS-CoV-2 inactivated whole virion vaccine (CoronaVac), finding that the vaccine demonstrated favorable safety and immunogenicity on both schedules and both dosages. The lower 3 g dose elicited 92.4% seroconversion under a Day 0, 14 schedule and 97.4% under a Day 0, 28 schedule. Most adverse events were mild and the three serious adverse events…
August 10, 2020
First-in-Human Trial of a SARS CoV 2 Recombinant Spike Protein Nanoparticle Vaccine
[pre-print, not peer-reviewed] NVX-CoV2373, a recombinant nanoparticle vaccine, induced mean anti-spike IgG and neutralizing antibody responses that exceeded the mean responses in sera from convalescent COVID-19 patients with clinically significant illness. There were no serious adverse events and reactogenicity was mainly mild and not long-lasting. Keech et al. (Aug 6, 2020). First-in-Human Trial of a SARS CoV 2…
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