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Topic: Vaccines and Immunity
September 25, 2020
Safety and immunogenicity of the Ad26.COV2.S COVID-19 vaccine candidate: interim results of a phase 1/2a, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
[Pre-print, not peer reviewed] A one-dose vaccine candidate was shown to have an acceptable safety profile and demonstrated immunogenicity. These results come from a multi-center phase 1/2a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical study of the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine candidate. The vaccine platform utilizes Janssen Pharmaceutical’s replication incompetent adenovirus serotype 26 (Ad26) 54 vector and includes a stabilized…
September 8, 2020
Safety and Immunogenicity of an RAd26 and RAd5 Vector-Based Heterologous Prime-Boost COVID-19 Vaccine in Two Formulations: Two Open, Non-Randomised Phase 1/2 Studies from Russia
Findings from two, non-randomized phase 1/2 studies (n=38 per study) conducted in Russia of recombinant vaccines based on adenovirus type 5 (rAd5) and type 26 (rAd26) show that both vaccine formulations were well tolerated with no serious adverse events reported. All participants produced SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, and the vaccines induced strong humoral and cellular immune responses…
September 3, 2020
Disease Severity Dictates SARS-CoV-2-Specific Neutralizing Antibody Responses in COVID-19
Greater disease severity was associated with higher levels of serum neutralizing capacity among 59 patients recovered from COVID-19 in China. Generation of antibodies capable of completely neutralizing pseudovirus was observed in 80% of patients who recovered from severe illness, while asymptomatic patients failed to generate competent neutralizing antibodies. Complete neutralization was observed in 47% of…
Phase 1–2 Trial of a SARS-CoV-2 Recombinant Spike Protein Nanoparticle Vaccine
NVX-CoV2373, a recombinant nanoparticle vaccine, induced higher levels of anti-spike IgG and neutralizing antibody responses compared to convalescent serum of mostly symptomatic COVID-19 patients. There were no serious adverse events, and events such as fever and sore arm were mild and not long-lasting. These results were from a primary analysis at day 35 of a…
August 31, 2020
Antibody Profiles According to Mild or Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Atlanta, Georgia
Examining both IgG and IgM against multiple SARS-CoV-2 antigens may better inform vaccine studies than focusing on a single antibody. Among patients with lab-confirmed COVID-19 infections, IgM levels increased early after symptom onset for those with either mild (n=15) or severe (n=28) COVID-19 disease, but IgG levels increased early only in those with severe disease….
COVID-19 Re-Infection by a Phylogenetically Distinct SARS-Coronavirus-2 Strain Confirmed by Whole Genome Sequencing
A second episode of infection following recovery from an initial SARS-CoV-2 infection was observed in a patient from Hong Kong who was re-infected after traveling to Europe. The two episodes were confirmed by sequencing of the viral strains from each episode, which occurred 4.5 months apart. The patient was described as being in good health…
Genomic Evidence for a Case of Reinfection with SARS-CoV-2
Tillett et al. found evidence of SARS-CoV-2 re-infection by identifying two viruses with distinct genetic sequences corresponding to two different periods of illness in the same person. The two positive specimens were collected 48 days apart from a patient in Nevada. In between collection of the two positive samples, the patient made a full symptomatic…
August 26, 2020
Antibody Responses and Clinical Outcomes in Adults Hospitalized with Severe COVID-19: A Post Hoc Analysis of LOTUS China Trial
Patients with severe COVID-19 (n=191) enrolled in the LOTUS China trial testing lopinavir for suppression of SARS-CoV-2 nearly all (>90%) developed IgM and IgG antibodies against nucleocapsid (N), spike protein (S), and the receptor-binding domain (RBD), and also produced neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), but these did not correlate clearly with clinical outcomes. The levels of IgG…
August 24, 2020
BCG Vaccination in Infancy Does Not Protect against COVID-19. Evidence from a Natural Experiment in Sweden
By analyzing data from birth cohorts born just before and just after a 1975 policy change that discontinued BCG vaccine in Sweden, de Chaisemartin et al. conclude that the vaccine does not have a protective effect against COVID-19. The authors assessed COVID-19 cases and hospitalizations among 1,026,304 people with the BCG vaccine and 1,018,544 people…
August 21, 2020
Functional SARS-CoV-2-Specific Immune Memory Persists after Mild COVID-19
• [pre-print, not peer-reviewed] Immunologic examinations of 15 people who had recovered from mildly symptomatic, PCR-confirmed COVID-19 found evidence of expanded SARS-CoV-2-specific immune mediators (IgG antibodies and neutralizing plasma, virus-specific memory B and T cells). Responses were persistent, and in some cases increased over three months following symptom onset. They also found that SARS-CoV-2-specific memory…
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