Article Summary
June 10, 2021
Optimizing Vaccine Allocation for COVID-19 Vaccines Shows the Potential Role of Single-Dose Vaccination
A model optimizing COVID-19 vaccine allocation calibrated to Washington State found that with high single-dose efficacy (>65%) and low baseline transmission, single-dose vaccination in all adults is optimal and can prevent up to 22% more deaths compared to a strategy prioritizing two-dose vaccination for older adults. However, under low single-dose efficacy (20%) and high transmission…
A Model and Predictions for COVID-19 Considering Population Behavior and Vaccination
A SARS-CoV-2 transmission model incorporating social behavioral changes in response to infection rates and vaccination rates suggests that a large increase in the sense of safety and a lowering of precautions due to vaccination to pre-pandemic levels could result in a surge of infections. However, the model predicted that new infections rates could approach zero…
Clinical and Molecular Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients with Persistent SARS-CoV-2 Infection
COVID-19 patients with extended viral shedding for >45 days (n=12) had lower levels of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines (IL-2, TNF, and LT-α) compared to an age- and sex-matched cohort of COVID-19 patients in whom viral shedding resolved within 21 days (n=39). Single-cell RNA sequencing from peripheral mononuclear blood cells from a subset of patients showed suppressed T…
Highly-Specific Memory B Cells Generation after the 2nd Dose of BNT162b2 Vaccine Compensate for the Decline of Serum Antibodies and Absence of Mucosal IgA
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] The Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine only elicited a short-lived mucosal IgA antibody response in a study of 108 vaccinated healthcare workers (HCWs) in Italy without prior infection, with none of the vaccinated HCWs tested for mucosal IgA having a detectable response 2-3 weeks after the second dose. By contrast, the vaccine elicited robust memory…
Neutralizing Antibodies Elicited by the Ad26.COV2.S COVID-19 Vaccine Show Reduced Activity against 501Y.V2 (B.1.351) despite Protection against Severe Disease by This Variant
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody binding responses among individuals 29 days after vaccination with the single-dose Johnson & Johnson-Janssen vaccine (n=88) were reduced by 1.8-fold against the B.1.351 (Beta) variant compared to the wild-type D614G strain. By contrast, 82% in a subset of 27 individuals showed no neutralizing activity against B.1.351 (Beta) at Day 29…
Association of COVID-19 Vaccination Prioritization and Hospitalization among Older Washingtonians
Prioritization of individuals aged ≥65 years in Washington State for COVID-19 vaccination in January 2021 resulted in an estimated 434 fewer hospitalizations and 122 fewer deaths through March 2021 according to an analysis that compared actual age-specific COVID-19 hospitalization and fatality rates with a synthetic control group generated from a model based on age-specific COVID-19…
Second Generation Antibodies Neutralize Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] AX290 and AX677 (AXON Neuroscience), second generation monoclonal antibodies developed specifically to target SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, were experimentally shown to successfully neutralize the wild-type strain, B.1.1.7 (Alpha), and B.1.351 (Beta) in mouse models. Kovacech et al. (June 9, 2021). Second Generation Antibodies Neutralize Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern. Pre-print downloaded Jun 10…
Antibodies Elicited by mRNA-1273 Vaccination Bind More Broadly to the Receptor Binding Domain than Do Those from SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Vaccine-elicited anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in individuals fully vaccinated with the Moderna vaccine in phase 1/2 trials (n=14) were found to target more epitopes within the receptor binding domain (RBD) when compared to individuals with prior infection. Binding of vaccine-elicited antibodies was more broadly distributed across epitopes compared to infection-elicited antibodies within the RBD, which the authors…
Associations of Vaccination and of Prior Infection With Positive PCR Test Results for SARS-CoV-2 in Airline Passengers Arriving in Qatar
Travelers fully vaccinated with a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine (n=10,092) had an 87% lower likelihood of having a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test upon arrival at Hamad International Airport in Qatar between February and April 2021 compared to travelers with no record of vaccination or prior infection matched 1:1 by age, sex, nationality, and date of testing…
Immunogenicity of Ad26.COV2.S Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Humans
Median anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titers of sera from individuals vaccinated with the Johnson & Johnson-Janssen vaccine in the phase 1/2 trials (n=20) were 5- and 3-fold lower against the B.1.351 (Beta) and P.1 (Gamma) variants, respectively, compared with the wild-type strain on day 71 following vaccination. Binding antibody titers were impaired but to a lesser…
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