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Tag: non-pharm interventions
October 7, 2020
Comparing Associations of State Reopening Strategies with COVID-19 Burden
Comparing trends in COVID-19 cases over time between states with differing approaches to mask mandates indicates that mask use and other mitigation measures can counteract increases in COVID-19 cases and deaths in response to reopening of businesses. Based on a interrupted time series quasi-experimental study, in states that reopened indoor dining rooms before implementing a…
October 6, 2020
Trends in COVID-19 Incidence After Implementation of Mitigation Measures — Arizona, January 22–August 7, 2020
COVID-19 incidence decreased following implementation of mitigation measures in Arizona. Prior to these measures, the average number of daily cases increased approximately 151% from June 1 to June 15, after which local officials enacted mitigation measures that included mask wearing (June 17), closures of bars, gyms, movie theaters, and water parks (June 29), and limiting…
October 1, 2020
The Emotional Path to Action: Empathy Promotes Physical Distancing and Wearing of Face Masks During the COVID-19 Pandemic
The emotion of empathy was linked to physical distancing and wearing face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic among participants in the US, UK, and Germany. In June 2020, 1526 participants were randomized to (1) read an informative text about coronavirus [information only]; (2) read informative text about an immunocompromised woman with COVID-19 [information and empathy];…
September 29, 2020
Strong Impact of Closing Schools Closing Bars and Wearing Masks during the Covid-19 Pandemic Results from a Simple and Revealing Analysis
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] Segmented regression applied to COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 case counts in a number of US states was used to estimate the impact of the closures of schools, restaurants and bars, general lockdown orders, and masking mandates. The authors estimate that school closings reduced SARS-CoV-2 infection rates by half, while lockdowns reduced transmission rates…
September 25, 2020
Efficacy of masks and face coverings in controlling outward aerosol particle emission from expiratory activities
Surgical masks and unvented KN95 respirators reduce outward particle emissions by 90% during speaking and 74% during coughing, compared to wearing no mask. These masks decreased the outward particle emission of a coughing superemitter who produced up to two orders more expiratory particles than average. Due to experimental confounding, the study was not able to…
September 22, 2020
Comparison of COVID-19 Outcomes among Shielded and Non-Shielded Populations A General Population Cohort Study of 1.3 Million
• [Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] Despite recommendations for people in the UK who were at high-risk of severe COVID-19 to shield themselves (extended self-isolation) this group experiences considerably higher COVID-19 mortality than lower risk individuals. 2.5% of the 1.3 million people included in the population study had been advised to shield, but were found to be…
September 18, 2020
Social Distancing Compliance under COVID-19 Pandemic and Mental Health Impacts: A Population-Based Study
Adoption of social distancing, as well as perceptions of its effectiveness were associated with lower stress levels, less anxiety, and fewer depressive symptoms (p <0.01) in a survey of 1,501 adults in Hong Kong. However, an increased number of stay-at-home days was associated with more depressive symptoms (OR=1.09). Zhao et al. (Sept 14, 2020). Social…
September 17, 2020
Case-Control Study of Use of Personal Protective Measures and Risk for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection, Thailand. Emerging Infectious Diseases
Wearing a facemask at all times when in contact with someone with COVID-19 was associated with a significantly lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection (aOR=0.23) among close contacts of people with COVID-19 in Thailand. The case-control study (211 cases and 839 controls) also found that maintaining physical distance (aOR=0.15), shorter duration of contact (aOR=0.24), and handwashing…
September 14, 2020
The Impact of Digital Contact Tracing on the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic – a Comprehensive Modelling Study
[Preprint, not peer-reviewed] A modeling study estimated that implementing a digital contact tracing system (DCT) combined with other interventions (social distancing and/or random testing) could effectively reduce the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 by pushing R0 from above 3 to below 1 in a scenario where 40% of people infected with SARS-CoV-2 were asymptomatic. At least 60%…
September 10, 2020
Early Evidence of Effectiveness of Digital Contact Tracing for SARS-CoV-2 in Switzerland
• [Pre-print, not peer reviewed] Preliminary data from SwissCovid, the first Exposure Notification-based contact tracing app launched on June 25, shows that voluntary digital contact tracing has asimilar effectiveness for identifying infected partners of COVID-19 index cases as classic contacttracing, provided that both the index case and the exposed contacts use the app. The authorsconclude that…
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