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Tag: transmission
January 8, 2021
Opening of Large Institutions of Higher Education and County-Level COVID-19 Incidence — United States, July 6–September 17, 2020
US counties with large colleges or universities operating with remote instruction (n=22) experienced an 18% decrease in incidence of SARS-CoV-2, while university counties with in-person instruction (n=79) experienced a 56% increase in incidence, comparing the 21-day periods before and after classes started. Counties without large colleges or universities (n=3,009) experienced a 6% decrease in incidence…
Rates of COVID-19 Among Residents and Staff Members in Nursing Homes — United States, May 25–November 22, 2020
Rates of COVID-19 among nursing home residents and staff members increased during June and July 2020, reaching 11.5 cases per 1,000 resident-weeks in late July. After declines in August and September, rates increased again, reaching 23.2 cases per 1,000 resident-weeks in the week of November 22. Trends in reported COVID-19 cases among nursing home residents…
January 6, 2021
Genomic Evidence of In-Flight Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Despite Predeparture Testing
Genomic analysis of viral SARS-CoV-2 isolates obtained during a mandatory quarantine period after a Dubai-to-New Zealand flight demonstrate clear evidence of in-flight transmission. Among 86 passengers on a flight that arrived on September 29, 7 individuals in managed isolation and quarantine (MIQ) had positive test results during the quarantine period. Passengers originated from 5 different…
January 4, 2021
Implications of Shortened Quarantine Among Household Contacts of Index Patients with Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Infection — Tennessee and Wisconsin, April–September 2020
Among asymptomatic people who had household exposure to COVID-19 and had negative laboratory test results for 7 days after the index patient’s symptom onset, 19% experienced symptoms or received positive test results in the following week. The probability that an asymptomatic household contact with negative test results through day 7 would remain asymptomatic and test…
December 30, 2020
Chopping the Tail: How Preventing Superspreading Can Help to Maintain COVID-19 Control
Interventions that specifically target superspreading events while partially relaxing social distancing could be a viable alternative to blanket policies, according to a transmission model incorporating a variety of non-pharmaceutical interventions parametrized to a variety of settings. Removing the top 1% of individual transmission rates (essentially, superspreading events that connect a single infectious person to large…
December 28, 2020
Estimated transmissibility and severity of novel SARS-CoV-2 Variant of Concern 202012/01 in England
[pre-print; not peer-reviewed] A mathematical modeling study for 3 regions in England estimated that the novel SARS-Co-V2 variant, VOC 202012/01, is 56% (range 50-74%) more transmissible than earlier strains. The analysis incorporated testing data and cell phone data to estimate population movements in order to assess for the contribution of behavioral change as an alternate…
“There’s No Place Like Home for The Holidays:” Travel and SARS-CoV-2 Test Positivity Following Thanksgiving Weekend
[pre-print; not peer-reviewed] An online panel survey administered December 4-18, 2020 to individuals from 10 US states (n = 7,905) found that many individuals reported spending Thanksgiving outside of their home (26%) or at home with at least one non-household member (27%). Planned travel over the December holidays was more common among those who tested…
Assessment of Air Contamination by SARS-CoV-2 in Hospital Settings
In a systematic review of 24 studies evaluating the level of air contamination from SARS-CoV-2 in different hospital areas and factors associated with contamination, 17% of air samples from close patient environments were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA, with viability of the virus found in 9% of cultures. There was no significant difference in positivity between…
December 23, 2020
Assessment of Maternal and Neonatal SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load, Transplacental Antibody Transfer, and Placental Pathology in Pregnancies During the COVID-19 Pandemic
A prospective cohort study of 127 pregnant women found inefficient transplacental transfer of maternal SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies and no evidence for prolonged viremia in either maternal or fetal circulation. No detectable viremia in maternal or cord blood was identified in 64 participants diagnosed with COVID-19 and no SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in 88 tested placentas….
Early Empirical Assessment of the N501Y Mutant Strains of SARS-CoV-2 in the United Kingdom October to November 2020
[pre-print; not peer-reviewed] Leung at al. estimate that the SARS-CoV-2 lineage that has rapidly become the most dominant in the United Kingdom is 75% more transmissible than the previous lineage, potentially due to a mutation in the receptor binding domain of the spike protein. Their estimates suggest that the R0 for the mutated 501Y strain…
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