Result for
Tag: transmission
December 7, 2020
Household Factors and the Risk of Severe COVID-like Illness Early in the US Pandemic
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] A study of SARS-CoV-2 household transmission found that household crowding and having children in the home were both independent risk factors for being hospitalized with COVID-19 early in the pandemic in the US. COVID-19 hospitalization for households with children (versus without) was higher among study participants living in multi-unit (aOR=10.5) vs single…
A Meta-Analysis on the Role of Children in SARS-CoV-2 in Household Transmission Clusters
A meta-analysis of the role of children in SARS-CoV-2 household transmission identified 213 transmission clusters from 12 countries, and found that only 8 clusters (3.8%) had a pediatric index case. Asymptomatic index cases were associated with a lower secondary attack rate in contacts than symptomatic index cases (RR 0.17). The secondary attack rate was also…
SARS-CoV-2 RNA Detected in Blood Products from Patients with COVID-19 Is Not Associated with Infectious Virus
A systematic review of 28 studies intended to inform safety protocols for handling blood products from people with COVID-19 found there were low levels of detectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA in a minority of serum samples (pooled estimate 10%) collected during acute infection. In an associated laboratory analysis, the authors also performed RT-PCR in serum samples from a…
December 2, 2020
A COVID-19 Transmission Model Informing Medication Development and Supply Chain Needs
[Preprint, not peer reviewed] A modified SEIR model using data from the Johns Hopkins University COVID-19 Dashboard estimated that 66% of global SARS-CoV-2 cases were asymptomatic; each symptomatic and asymptomatic case could infect 2 and 6 other people, respectively. 10% of cases were super-spreaders, who had a 2-fold higher risk of transmission rate than average….
Evidence of Long-Distance Droplet Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 by Direct Air Flow in a Restaurant in Korea
A COVID-19 outbreak investigation at a restaurant in Jeonju, Korea revealed that one of three incident cases was infected by droplets from the index case 6.5m away within 5 minutes of exposure based on TV surveillance, interviews, and cell phone data. There was no direct or indirect contact with the index case. Ceiling-type air conditioners…
December 1, 2020
Increase in Hospital-Acquired Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter Baumannii Infection and Colonization in an Acute Care Hospital During a Surge in COVID-19 Admissions — New Jersey, February–July 2020
A cluster of 34 patients infected with an antibiotic-resistant pathogen primarily associated with hospital-acquired infections was observed in a New Jersey hospital during a surge of COVID-19 hospitalizations in late May 2020. The cluster was linked to deviations in infection prevention and control practices due to pandemic-related resource challenges. Fewer incident cases were reported in…
Absence of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission from Children in Isolation to Guardians, South Korea
In an observational study of 12 SARS-CoV-2 positive children isolating with their uninfected guardians in hospital rooms in Korea, none of the guardians became SARS-CoV-2 positive despite frequent close contact. All guardians complied with wearing PPE, including gloves and a variety of masks, while only 4 children complied well with mask use. Two guardian-child pairs…
November 30, 2020
No Evidence for Increased Transmissibility from Recurrent Mutations in SARS-CoV-2
Phylogenetic analysis of recurrent mutations identified in a dataset of 46,723 SARS-CoV-2 viral genomes isolated from patients across the world did not detect any single mutation that was associated with significantly increased transmission ability; overall SARS-CoV-2 genomic diversity was limited. The study focused on identifying homoplasies, traits or sites that independently emerged over time. The…
Outdoor Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and Other Respiratory Viruses, a Systematic Review
A systematic review assessing the risk of transmission of respiratory viruses in outdoor versus indoor settings found that overall risk is lower outdoors, but there are gaps in the evidence. Five studies showed that few reported global SARS-CoV-2 infections have occurred outdoors (<10%) and the odds of indoor transmission was much higher (18.7 times, 95%…
Inference of Active Viral Replication in Cases with Sustained Positive RT-PCRs for SARS-CoV-2. Journal of Clinical Microbiology
A study of patients with persistent positive RT-PCR results for SARS-CoV-2 concluded that the presence of subgenomic (SG) viral RNA, which is only found in replicating viruses, might indicate that some patients had actively replicating virus. Samples from 60 individuals who had prolonged viral shedding (24-101 days) since their first RT-PCR test were evaluated. SG…
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