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Tag: transmission
September 22, 2020
Whole-Genome Sequencing to Track SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in Nosocomial Outbreaks
Whole virus genome viral sequencing of hospital-acquired cases of COVID-19 (March to April) in a tertiary referral center in Ireland indicated that the majority of the hospital-acquired cases occurred in patients highly dependent on nursing care. The authors conclude that this suggests that the likely route of transmission was by close contact or droplet, rather…
September 21, 2020
Viable SARS-CoV-2 in the Air of a Hospital Room with COVID-19 Patients
Lednicky et al. reported the detection of viable SARS-CoV-2 in air samples collected 2 to 4.8 m away from 2 hospitalized patients with COVID-19. The genome sequence of the SARS-CoV-2 strain isolated from air samplers was identical to that isolated from the newly admitted patient. The authors conclude that aerosols generated by patients with respiratory manifestations…
Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 During Long Flight
Following a 10-hour flight from London, UK to Hanoi, Vietnam on March 2, 2020, 16 of 217 passengers (7%) were found to be positive for SARS-CoV-2 after contact tracing, of whom 12 (75%) were seated in business class along with the only symptomatic person (attack rate 62%). Seating proximity was strongly associated with increased infection…
In-Flight Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2
Four individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection had traveled on the same flight from Boston to Hong Kong on March 9, 2020. An epidemiologic investigation revealed that all four had identical virus genetic sequences belonging to a clade not previously identified in Hong Kong. The authors conclude that viral transmission likely occurred during the flight shared by…
A COVID-19 Nursing Home Transmission Study Sequence and Metadata from Weekly Testing in an Extensive Nursing Home Outbreak
[Pre-print, not peer reviewed] Residents with symptomatic and pre-symptomatic/unrecognized SARS-COV-2 infection in a Dutch nursing home outbreak had similar levels of viral shedding. Weekly facility-wide testing at the nursing home that began after admission of a resident who was recently hospitalized identified an additional positive residents (29 symptomatic, 38 pre-symptomatic, 7 asymptomatic), resulting in a…
Droplets and Aerosols Generated by Singing and the Risk of COVID-19 for Choirs
Image-based analysis showed that droplets expelled during singing followed the ambient airflow pattern and did not appear to settle down rapidly without adequate ventilation,pointing to aerosol generation during singing. The number of droplets expelled varied between individuals and parameters including loudness, notes, consonants, and duration of each note sung. Bahl et al. (Sept 18, 2020)….
Business Closures, Stay-at-Home Restrictions, and COVID-19 Testing Outcomes in New York City
The closure of nonessential businesses and out-of-home activity restrictions implemented on March 22, 2020 in New York city decreased the positivity rate of tests for SARS-CoV-2 by 25% (54% in early April to 14% in early May). Using data on SARS-CoV-2 testing at the zip code level and smart phone location data, Borjas reported that…
September 18, 2020
Social Network Analysis Methods for Exploring SARS-CoV-2 Contact Tracing Data
Social network analysis was applied to contact tracing data (1,959 patients in India), demonstrating how the approach can identify key individual patients and components of the network that could inform the public health response. The analysis showed that 11% of patients acted as a source of infection to 40% of the other patients, while 12…
SARS-CoV-2 in Quarantined Domestic Cats from COVID-19 Households or Close Contacts, Hong Kong, China
Six (12%) out of 50 healthy cats from COVID-19 households or close contacts in Hong Kong tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 using respiratory and fecal samples, suggesting human-to-feline transmission. Virus genomes sequenced from 1 cat and its owner were identical. Barrs et al. (Sept 18, 2020). SARS-CoV-2 in Quarantined Domestic Cats from COVID-19 Households or Close…
Clustering and Superspreading Potential of SARS-CoV-2 Infections in Hong Kong
Contact tracing data (n=1,038) was used to identify 4 to 7 superspreading events across 51 SARS-CoV-2 clusters in Hong Kong between January and April 2020. An estimated 19% of cases seeded 80% of all local transmission. While transmissions between household contacts were observed most frequently, transmissions that occurred in social settings were associated with more…
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