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Tag: vaccines
February 24, 2021
Janssen Ad26.COV2.S Vaccine for the Prevention of COVID-19. Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee Meeting
The Johnson & Johnson single-dose Ad26.COV2.S vaccine candidate was determined by the FDA to have met the safety and efficacy requirements for emergency use authorization. Vaccine efficacy against laboratory-confirmed moderate to severe/critical COVID-19 across all geographic areas in which the trial was conducted was 66.9% when considering cases occurring at least 14 days after the…
February 23, 2021
Single-Dose Administration and the Influence of the Timing of the Booster Dose on Immunogenicity and Efficacy of ChAdOx1 NCoV-19 (AZD1222) Vaccine: A Pooled Analysis of Four Randomised Trials
Pooled analysis of four randomized placebo-controlled trials (total n=24,422) of the Oxford-AstraZeneca ChAdOx1 nCov-19 (AZD1222) vaccine show that overall efficacy against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection >14 days after the second dose was 66.7% (95%CI: 57.4-74.0%), with 84 cases (1% cumulative incidence) in the 8,597 participants in the vaccine group and 248 cases (2.9% cumulative incidence) in…
Effectiveness of First Dose of COVID-19 Vaccines against Hospital Admissions in Scotland: National Prospective Cohort Study of 5.4 Million People
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] A national prospective cohort study including approximately 99% of residents in Scotland (n=5.4 million) found a peak vaccine efficacy to prevent COVID-19-related hospitalization following a first dose of 85% (95% CI: 76-91%) for the Pfizer vaccine and 94% (95%CI: 73-99%) for the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine, with the peak occurring at 28-34 days post-vaccination….
Reduced Binding and Neutralization of Infection- and Vaccine-Induced Antibodies to the B.1.351 (South African) SARS-CoV-2 Variant
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] Antibodies collected from people who had been infected with SARS-CoV-2 or who had received the Moderna vaccine showed lower levels of binding to the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.351 variant (first described in South Africa) compared to the D614G variant that has been dominant globally. This effect was observed for antibodies from individuals with acute…
February 19, 2021
First Month of COVID-19 Vaccine Safety Monitoring — United States, December 14, 2020–January 13, 2021
Both the Moderna and Pfizer vaccines had an acceptable safety profile, according to an analysis of the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS). A total of 13,794,904 COVID-19 vaccine doses were administered in the U.S from December 14, 2020 to January 13. There were 6,994 reports of COVID-19–associated adverse events to VAERS during the period,…
Decline in Receipt of Vaccines by Medicare Beneficiaries During the COVID-19 Pandemic – United States, 2020
During the first week after the national COVID-19 emergency declaration in March 2020, weekly vaccination rates for bacterial pneumonia, tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis, and shingles among Medicare beneficiaries over the age of 65 declined by 25% to 62% compared with the corresponding period in 2019. Vaccination rates among racial and ethnic minority adults were lower than were those…
February 18, 2021
Serum Neutralizing Activity Elicited by MRNA-1273 Vaccine — Preliminary Report
Neutralizing activity of sera from recipients of the 2-dose Moderna vaccine in the phase 1 trial (n=45) were similar against a SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus bearing the spike protein from the original Wuhan-Hu-1 isolate, the D614G variant, as well as against 20E (EU1), 20A.EU2, N439K-D614G, and mink cluster 5 variants. In contrast, neutralizing titers against the D614G…
FDA-Authorized COVID-19 Vaccines Are Effective per Real-World Evidence Synthesized across a Multi-State Health System
[Pre-print, not peer reviewed] The Moderna and Pfizer vaccines were 89% effective (95% CI: 68-97%) in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection occurring at least 36 days after the first dose in a 1:1 propensity score matched analysis of over 60,000 individuals in the US between December 2020 to February 2021. Among those subsequently diagnosed with COVID-19, vaccinated…
Neutralizing Activity of BNT162b2-Elicited Serum — Preliminary Report
Neutralizing activity of sera from recipients of the 2-dose Pfizer vaccine (n=15, 20 serum samples) against wild-type SARS-CoV-2 (USA-WA1/2020) engineered with the full set of spike protein mutations of the B.1.351 variant was weaker than the USA-WA1/2020 strain by approximately two-thirds. Using 50% plaque reduction neutralization testing (PRNT50) on sera obtained 2-4 weeks after the…
Circulating SARS-CoV-2 Variants Escape Neutralization by Vaccine-Induced Humoral Immunity
[Pre-print, not peer reviewed] Analysis of neutralizing activity of sera from individuals vaccinated with either 1 or 2 doses of the Moderna or Pfizer vaccines (n=48) against SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses bearing spike proteins with the partial or full set of mutations from the B.1.351 variant show up to a 97-fold decrease in neutralization compared to wild-type. …
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