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Topic: Clinical Characteristics and Health Care Setting
December 18, 2020
The S1 Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Crosses the Blood–Brain Barrier in Mice
Using a mouse experimental model, intravenously injected SARS-CoV-2 spike protein subunit S1 was found to readily cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and enter the parenchymal brain space, and was also taken up by the lungs, spleen, kidney, and liver. Intranasally administered S1 also entered the brain, although at levels roughly ten times lower than after…
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Disability and Anxiety in a Retrospective Cohort of 432 Survivors of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (Covid-19) from China
A multi-center retrospective cohort study of COVID-19 survivors in China found that a significant proportion experienced disability and anxiety after discharge from the hospital. Prevalence of at least one problem on a measure assessing independent living skills (Lawton IADL) was 37%, dependence in personal care and mobility (as assessed by the Barthel Index) was present…
Racial Bias in Pulse Oximetry Measurement
Inpatients who identify as Black who were receiving supplemental oxygen had nearly three times the frequency of occult hypoxemia that was not detected by pulse oximetry when compared to white patients in a two separate cohorts. In a cohort from the University of Michigan, among the patients who had an oxygen saturation of 92 to…
December 17, 2020
High Prevalence of Pulmonary Sequelae at 3 Months After Hospital Discharge in Mechanically Ventilated COVID-19 Survivors
Only 55% of COVID-19 survivors who were mechanically ventilated (n=94) survived until at least 3 months post- hospital discharge. Among 48 people in the follow-up study, there was a high prevalence of pulmonary sequelae. Diminished total lung capacity and diffusion capacity were observed in 23 and 36 participants, respectively. High resolution chest tomography showed signs…
Natural History of COVID-19: Risk Factors for Hospitalizations and Deaths among 26 Million U.S. Medicare Beneficiaries
An analysis of over 26 million US Medicare beneficiaries found the COVID-19 death rate among beneficiaries in nursing homes was much higher than among beneficiaries in the general Medicare population (275.7 vs 5 per 10,000). Clinical predictors of death in the study population included immunocompromised status, frailty index conditions, and comorbidities. Demographic predictors of death…
Covid-19 and Blood Groups: ABO Antibody Levels May Also Matter
Results from an in vitro study suggest that SARS-CoV-2 that has replicated in cells expressing blood group A and B antigens could be tagged with these antigens. A subsequent observational study (n=290 COVID-19 patients, n=276 asymptomatic controls) found that ABO antibody levels, which are antibodies that correspond to blood type, were significantly lower in COVID-19…
December 16, 2020
Neuroimaging Manifestations in Children with SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Multinational, Multicentre Collaborative Study
A study of neuroimaging manifestations in 38 children from 8 countries identified acute- and delayed-phase SARS-CoV-2-related central nervous system abnormalities ranging from mild to severe. The most common imaging patterns observed were immune-mediated disseminated encephalomyelitis-like changes of the brain (n=16), myelitis (n=8), and neural enhancement (n=13). Splenial lesions (n=7) and myositis (n=4) were predominantly observed…
December 15, 2020
COVID-19 Infections Among Healthcare Personnel in the United States Veterans Health Administration, March – August, 2020
Among 131,606 healthcare personnel (HCP) in the US Veterans Health Administration, 5,925 (4.5%) had positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests. HCP who were working in hospitals with >15% SARS-CoV-2 positivity among inpatients, as well as nursing staff, HCP who identify as Black or Hispanic, and veterans were at highest risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Male sex, age over…
Characteristics, Comorbidities and Survival Analysis of Young Adults Hospitalized with COVID-19 in New York City
In a cohort of young adults aged 18 to 35 years admitted to hospital with COVID-19 in New York City (n=395), 58% of patients had at least one major comorbidity. The mortality among those with at least one major comorbidity was 17% (40 of 229), compared to 9% (15 of 166) among those without a…
December 14, 2020
Readmission and Death After Initial Hospital Discharge Among Patients With COVID-19 in a Large Multihospital System
In a national cohort of 1775 patients discharged from Veterans Affairs medical centers after hospitalization for COVID-19 during March-July 2020, 479 (27%) were readmitted (20%) or died (9%) within 60 days of discharge. Rates of readmission or death by 60 days were significantly lower than those for matched survivors of pneumonia (26% vs. 32%) or…
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