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Topic: Clinical Characteristics and Health Care Setting
April 2, 2020
Coronavirus Disease 19 Infection Does Not Result in Acute Kidney Injury: An Analysis of 116 Hospitalized Patients from Wuhan, China.
A study of 116 COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, including 5 with chronic kidney disease (CKD), determined that acute kidney injury was uncommon among patients and CKD was not aggravated by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Wang et al. (March 31, 2020). Coronavirus Disease 19 Infection Does Not Result in Acute Kidney Injury: An Analysis of 116 Hospitalized Patients…
April 1, 2020
Timely Diagnosis and Treatment Shortens the Time to Resolution of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pneumonia and Lowers the Highest and Last CT Scores from Sequential Chest CT
Huang et al. conducted a limited study of 25 patients to assess correlations of the time from symptom onset to diagnosis and treatment with the time to disease resolution and CT scores from sequential chest CT examinations. They report that the time from symptom onset to diagnosis and treatment, had a positive correlation with the…
Cigarette smoke triggers the expansion of a subpopulation of respiratory epithelial cells that express the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2
Smith and Sheltzer report that cigarette smoke triggers a protective expansion of mucus-secreting goblet cells and the expansion of a subpopulation of respiratory epithelial cells that express the SARS-CoV-2 receptor; Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2). These results may partially explain why smokers are particularly likely to develop severe SARS-CoV-2 infections, and suggest that quitting smoking…
March 31, 2020
COVID-19 in the Pediatric Population
The authors outline selected studies on infants with COVID-19. They highlight that experts do not recommend use of antiviral agents for the treatment of non-severe pediatric cases due to lack of evidence regarding the effectiveness. They suggest children may be less susceptible to COVID-19 because they have a more innate immune response and healthier respiratory…
Prevalence and impact of diabetes among people infected with SARS-CoV-2.
Fadini et al conducted a meta-analysis of 12 studies reporting the prevalence of diabetes among 2,108 Chinese patients with COVID-19, and its impact on disease progression and severity. Their findings suggest that diabetes may not increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, but can worsen the outcome of COVID-19. Fadini et al. (Mar 28, 2020). Prevalence…
Covid-19 in Critically Ill Patients in the Seattle Region—Case Series
This multicenter case study in the Seattle region describes the clinical outcomes of 24 critically ill COVID-19 patients admitted for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. The majority had chronic illness prior to admission. Seventy-five percent of these patients needed mechanical ventilation and the case fatality rate was 50%. These findings highlight the importance of planning for…
Preliminary Estimates of the Prevalence of Selected Underlying Health Conditions Among Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019—United States February 12-March 28, 2020
In this MMWR the CDC COVID-19 Response Team provides preliminary estimates of the prevalence of underlying health conditions among COVID-19 patients in the U.S. Of the 122,653 cases reported by state and territories as of March 28, 6% had data on underlying health conditions. The most commonly reported conditions were diabetes mellitus, chronic lung disease…
March 30, 2020
Hydrogen Peroxide Vapor sterilization of N95 respirators for reuse.
Kenney et al evaluated the virucidal activity of hydrogen peroxide (HP) vapor to sterilize N95 respirators for reuse. A single HP vapor cycle resulted in complete eradication of phage from masks (limit of detection 10 PFU, lower than the infectious dose of the majority of respiratory viral pathogens). After 5 cycles, the respirators appeared similar…
Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: a retrospective review of medical records.
Chen et al. reviewed clinical records, laboratory results, and chest CT scans retrospectively for nine laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 pregnant women. Evidence of intrauterine vertical transmission was assessed by testing for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in amniotic fluid, cord blood, and neonatal throat swab samples. Their findings further confirm earlier reports of no evidence of intrauterine infection…
March 27, 2020
Anaesthetic management and clinical outcomes of parturients with COVID-19: a multicentre, retrospective, propensity score matched cohort study.
This retrospective matched case-control study compared 89 parturients with COVID-19 to 173 non-COVID-19 parturients undergoing C-section delivery, and determined that COVID-19 parturient characteristics include: fever, cough, increased plasma CRP, and decreased lymphocyte count. Anaesthesia-related complications occurred more frequently in COVID-19 parturients, and their newborns had a higher risk of distress (low Apgar score and higher…
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