Result for
Topic: Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions
June 11, 2020
A Novel Approach to Monitoring the COVID-19 Pandemic Using Emergency Department Discharge Diagnoses
[pre-print, not peer reviewed] Duber et al. identified 422 Emergency Department (ED) visits as with COVID-like illness (CLI) in King County, WA between January 1 and May 1, 2020. Compared to confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths, CLI visits appear to rise and peak well in advance of both confirmed cases and deaths. They concluded that ED-based CLI visits are a temporally leading indicator of the pandemic, and that adopting and…
Effects of Proactive Social Distancing on COVID-19 Outbreaks in 58 Cities, China
Du et al. estimated the speed of COVID-19 containment for 58 cities in mainland China outside of Hubei* Province, which deployed 7 different types of social distancing interventions over the course of the COVID-19 epidemic. Results showed the mean (+SD) time elapse between the first confirmed case and the implementation of the first social distancing intervention was 13 (+4.7) days. The mean time…
June 9, 2020
Estimating the Effects of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions on COVID-19 in Europe
Flaxman et al. studied the impact of major non-pharmacological interventions across 11 European countries and estimated that recent interventions have been sufficient to achieve epidemic control and drive the reproduction number (Rt) from an initial average of 3.8 across all 11 countries to an average of 0.66. Lockdown measures had a large impact on transmission with an estimated 81% reduction. They estimate that between 12 and…
June 8, 2020
COVID-19 and Non-Traditional Mask Use: How Do Various Materials Compare in Reducing the Infection Risk for Mask Wearers?
Wilson et al. found that mask use reduced mean infection risk by 44-99% for short exposures and 24-94% for long exposures using a probabilistic model with exposure scenarios that represented a healthcare setting. Of non-traditional materials that could be used for masks, vacuum cleaner bags were the most effective, and scarves were the least effective. Wilson et al. (June 2,…
Impact of Social Distancing during COVID-19 Pandemic on Crime in Los Angeles and Indianapolis
After stay-at-home orders were implemented, police calls-for-service for burglary and robbery decreased in Los Angeles, CA and calls for domestic violence and vehicle theft increased. A similar pattern was observed in Indianapolis, IN for robbery and domestic violence calls. Traffic stops were also markedly decreased in both cities. Mohler et al. (May 2020). Impact of Social Distancing during COVID-19 Pandemic on Crime in Los Angeles and Indianapolis….
June 5, 2020
COVID-19 Monitoring and Response Among U.S. Air Force Basic Military Trainees – Texas, March-April 2020
Seven weeks of non-pharmaceutical interventions (quarantine, social distancing, early screening of trainees, isolation, monitored reentry for cases) among recruits in a Basic Military Training setting at a US Air Force Base successfully contained SARS-CoV-2. Only 5 out of over 10,000 trainees tested positive, and 3 were contacts of the first case. Marcus et al. (June 5, 2020). COVID-19 Monitoring and Response Among U.S….
June 2, 2020
The Urgency and Challenge of Opening K-12 Schools in the Fall of 2020
Sharfstein et al. argue that reopening of schools in autumn 2020 is an urgent national priority because of loss of access to meals and health services, disparities in internet access, and impacts on academic growth. The authors recommend establishing robust testing, contact tracing and isolation protocols, limiting close contact activities, prioritizing high–risk children, and preparing a strong public health and environmental…
Willingness to Accept Tradeoffs among Covid-19 Cases Social-Distancing Restrictions and Economic Impact A Nationwide US Study
[pre-print, not peer reviewed] A US-based discrete-choice experiment focusing on COVID-19 risk, duration of social distancing measures, and depth and duration of negative economic impacts reveal that respondents (n=5,953) fell into 4 distinct groups: 1) risk minimizers (36%), who prioritized minimizing risk of COVID-19; 2) waiters (26%), who placed little importance on COVID-19 risk but preferred to delay reopening of…
Modeling Compliance with COVID-19 Prevention Guidelines: The Critical Role of Trust in Science
Structural equation modeling on a dataset from an online survey (n=525) shows that COVID-19 risk perception and trust in science are both independent predictors of compliance with COVID-19 prevention guidelines, while other factors such as political conservatism and religious orthodoxy indirectly affect compliance through trust in science. Plohl and Musil. (June 1, 2020). Modeling Compliance with COVID-19 Prevention…
Physical Distancing, Face Masks, and Eye Protection to Prevent Person-to-Person Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
A systematic review and meta-analysis of non-pharmacological interventions to prevent transmission of betacoronaviruses such as SARS-CoV-2 reveal that physical distancing by at least 1 meter had lower viral transmission, with protection increasing at longer distances. Face masks also showed a large reduction in infection risk, with stronger associations for N95 or similar respirators as compared to disposable surgical masks or cotton masks. Chu et al. (June 1, 2020). Physical Distancing, Face Masks, and…
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