Result for
Topic: Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions
June 1, 2020
Wastewater Surveillance for Population-Wide Covid-19: The Present and Future
Daughton described the Wastewater-Based Epidemiology (WBE) method as a potential tool for containing and mitigating COVID-19 outbreaks. WBE measures chemical signatures in sewage, such as fragment biomarkers from the SARS-CoV-2, by applying clinical diagnostic testing to the collective signature of entire communities. Daughton. (May 20, 2020). Wastewater Surveillance for Population-Wide Covid-19: The Present and Future. The Science of the Total Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139631
May 29, 2020
Pretreated Household Materials Carry Similar Filtration Protection against Pathogens When Compared with Surgical Masks
Carnino et al. demonstrated that household paper towels pretreated with a salt-based solution for as little as 10 minutes may provide similar protection against viral-sized particles compared with a medical grade mask. This suggests pretreated inexpensive materials might be used to complement homemade, surgical, or N95 masks to increase their lifespan and effectiveness. Carnino et al. (May 25, 2020). Pretreated Household Materials Carry Similar Filtration Protection against Pathogens When Compared with…
Hand Sanitisers amid CoViD-19: A Critical Review of Alcohol-Based Products on the Market and Formulation Approaches to Respond to Increasing Demand
A critical review of alcohol-based sanitizing products reported that hand sanitation is a main preventive measure during the COVID-19 pandemic and consumer demand is likely to remain high until widespread pharmacological measures are available. The presence of substandard products on the market (i.e., not meeting 60-95% ethanol content) points to the need for customer counseling, awareness campaigns, and review by regulatory bodies. Berardi…
May 28, 2020
Automated and Partially-Automated Contact Tracing a Rapid Systematic Review to Inform the Control of COVID-19
[pre-print, not peer reviewed] A systematic review of automated and partially-automated contact tracing methods found no empirical evidence of effectiveness. However, several modelling studies suggest that epidemic control would require high population-level uptake of automated contact-tracing apps in combination with other control measures. Braithwaite et al. (May 28, 2020). Automated and Partially-Automated Contact Tracing a Rapid Systematic Review to Inform the Control of COVID-19. Pre-print downloaded May 28…
Evaluation of World Health Organization-Recommended Hand Hygiene Formulations
The World Health Organization-recommended alcohol-based hand rub formulations do not meet the European standards for hygienic hand sanitizers or surgical hand preparation. However, modified formulas that use alcohol concentrations of 80% ethanol or 75% isopropanol in combination with a reduced glycerol concentration (0.5%) meet these requirements and may be useful alternatives to unavailable commercial hand hygiene products. Suchomel et al. (May 27, 2020)….
May 27, 2020
Do Face Masks Create a False Sense of Security A COVID-19 Dilemma
[pre-print, not peer reviewed] Yan et al. use SafeGraph smart device location data and show that the representative American in states that have facemask mandates spends 20-30 minutes less time at home and makes an increased number of visits to commercial locations following the mandate. The authors suggest that this is due to substitution behavior and could lead to a resurgence of cases. Yan et al. (May 27, 2020). Do Face Masks Create a False…
Are We #stayinghome to Flatten the Curve
[pre-print, not peer reviewed] Statewide stay-at-home policies induced “mandate effects” of 4.1%-5.9% declines in travel and visits to non-essential businesses relative to pre-COVID-19 levels for the first four states to introduce such policies (CA, IL, NJ, NY). By the time of statewide stay-at-home mandates in many states, residents had already reduced travel by considerable amounts relative to pre-COVID-19 levels. …
Modeling Countermeasures for a Balanced Reopening in King County, Washington
[pre-print, not peer reviewed] Rosenfeld et al. use a new model (Covasim) to simulate population-level SARS-CoV-2 transmission expected with reopening and the extent to which measures including testing, tracing, and quarantine can prevent exponential growth in King County, WA. Distancing and other measures have reduced the transmission potential of COVID-19 on April 25th to 33% (30-37%) of early-pandemic levels. Increased testing, contact tracing to home and work, and better compliance with household quarantine…
May 21, 2020
Simulated Sunlight Rapidly Inactivates SARS-CoV-2 on Surfaces
Simulated sunlight rapidly inactivates SARS-CoV-2 that is suspended in simulated saliva, culture media, and dried on stainless steel surfaces. 99% of infectious virus was inactivated after 6.8 minutes in saliva and 14.3 minutes in culture media. These findings indicate exposure risk may vary between indoor and outdoor environments. Ratnesar-Shumate et al. (May 20, 2020). Simulated Sunlight Rapidly Inactivates SARS-CoV-2 on Surfaces. The Journal of…
Institutional, Not Home-Based, Isolation Could Contain the COVID-19 Outbreak.
Using an agent-based model, Dickens et al. found that institution-based isolation (in which confirmed cases are isolated at quarantine facilities) was more effective at reducing household and community transmission than home-based isolation. Dickens et al. (Apr 29, 2020). Institutional, Not Home-Based, Isolation Could Contain the COVID-19 Outbreak. Lancet. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31016-3
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