Result for
Topic: Transmission
July 13, 2020
Factors Affecting Stability and Infectivity of SARS-CoV-2
Chan et al. studied the concentration of viable (able to infect tissue culture) SARS-CoV-2 after exposure to a range of environmental conditions using the TCID50 assay. They found that SARS-CoV-2 retained viability for 3-5 days when dried and for 7 days when in solution at room temperature. Survival improved at lower temperatures and declined at higher temperatures. The virus also remained…
SARS-CoV-2 from Faeces to Wastewater Treatment: What Do We Know? A Review
A review paper found that, while SARS-CoV-2 in sewage is unlikely to result in transmission due to dilution and environmental factors that reduce viability, wastewater surveillance may be leveraged as an early warning for outbreaks. The authors also review methods to achieve high inactivation of any SARS-CoV-2 particles that remain viable in wastewater. Foladori et al. (June 2020). SARS-CoV-2 from Faeces to Wastewater Treatment: What Do We…
July 10, 2020
Distinct Patterns of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in Two Nearby Communities in Wisconsin USA
[Pre-print, not peer reviewed] Phylogenetic analysis of 247 full-genome SARS-CoV-2 sequences from two nearby counties in Wisconsin reveal distinct transmission patterns with little evidence for mixing of virus populations between the two closely-linked communities. There is evidence of reduced viral spread in both counties after statewide stay-at-home orders, with the basic reproductive number falling by at least 40%. Moreno et al. (July 10, 2020). Distinct…
Post-Lockdown Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the Wastewater of Montpellier France
[Pre-print, not peer reviewed] Trottier et al. found increased amounts of SARS-CoV-2 RNA at the wastewater treatment plant of Montpellier, France collected at 45 days post-lockdown compared to 4 days before the end of lockdown. During this period there was an overall decrease in cases in the city. The authors offer potential explanations that include a potential emerging increase in…
July 9, 2020
Spatiotemporal Characteristics of COVID-19 Epidemic in the United States
COVID-19 incidence significantly decreased in early April in counties in the northeastern US (estimated weekly percentage change: -16.6%), but continued increasing in the Midwest (+13.2%), South (+5.6%) and West Regions (+5.7%). There was a higher likelihood of clustering and higher incidence of COVID-19 in metropolitan compared to rural counties, counties closest to core airports, in the most populous counties, and in counties with the highest proportion of racial/ethnic minority populations. However, geographic differences in incidence have decreased since early April. Wang et…
Rapid Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in the Greater New York Metropolitan Area: Geolocation, Demographics, Positivity Rates, and Hospitalization for 46,793 Persons Tested by Northwell Health
Northwell Health Laboratories tested 46,793 persons in the greater New York metropolitan area for SARS-CoV-2 from March 4 through April 10, showing that SARS-CoV-2 incidence emerged rapidly and almost simultaneously across a broad demographic population in the region, and finding that 57% (n=26,735) of people tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. The total hospitalization rate was 31% of positive persons (n=8,174). There was a broad range (greater than 10-fold) in the cumulative…
Social Distancing, Population Density, and Spread of COVID-19 in England: A Longitudinal Study
Based on a 5-week longitudinal study, Tammes showed that COVID-19 incidence decreased more in the most densely populated administrative areas compared to less dense areas after the introduction of physical distancing measures by the UK government (March 16-22). In the last week of the study (April 13-19), the incidence was 22.4 per 100,000 persons (95% CI 16.9-28.0) in areas in…
July 8, 2020
Covid-19 Exposure Risk for Family Members of Healthcare Workers: An Observational Study
In a study of health care workers and their family members in Italy, 5% (2/38) of health care workers and 32% (26/81) of their family members tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. In two families, healthcare workers were the people who tested negative. The authors suggest that family members had a higher exposure to SARS-CoV-2 infection via the…
Coronavirus Disease Exposure and Spread from Nightclubs, South Korea
As of May 25, 246 COVID-19 cases have been linked to an outbreak at a nightclub in Seoul, South Korea. Nightclubs in South Korea that had been closed previously as part of the social distancing policy re–opened on April 30, ahead of the April 30–May 5 Golden Week holiday. Through large scale contact tracing, Kang et al….
July 7, 2020
Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Spain (ENE-COVID): a nationwide, population-based seroepidemiological study
Pollán et al. conducted a population-based survey in Spain and estimate the national prevalence of COVID-19 was 5.0% based on point-of-care testing and 4.6% by immunoassay. Seroprevalence varied significantly by region, with a higher prevalence around Madrid (>10%) and a lower prevalence in coastal areas (<3%). Results were based on 61,075 participants who answered a questionnaire on history of symptoms compatible with COVID-19 and risk factors, received a point of-care antibody…
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