Result for
Topic: Transmission
May 19, 2020
Infectious SARS-CoV-2 in Feces of Patient with Severe COVID-19
Infectious SARS-CoV-2 virus was isolated from feces of a patient in China who died of COVID-19 disease, suggesting there could be potential for fecal-oral or fecal-respiratory transmission. Xiao et al. (May18, 2020). Infectious SARS-CoV-2 in Feces of Patient with Severe COVID-19. Emerging Infectious Diseases. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2608.200681
Detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 RNA on Surfaces in Quarantine Rooms
Jiang et al. investigated environmental contamination in quarantine hotel rooms after being occupied by 2 pre-symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 positive patients. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected on 36% (8/22) of tested surfaces, as well as on the pillow cover, sheets, and duvet cover. Jiang et al. (May18, 2020). Detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 RNA on…
May 18, 2020
Evidence of Increasing Diversification of Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Strains
Analyses of complete genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 strains from around the world reveals increasing diversification of SARS-CoV-2 strains in three different genetic clades. The time of the most recent common ancestor was established to be around November 1, 2019, with a mean rate of evolution of 6.57 x 10–4 substitutions per site per year. High evolutionary rates and…
Understanding the Indoor Pre-Symptomatic Transmission Mechanism of COVID-19
Arav et al. developed an evidence-based mathematical model to identify the mechanism of how pre-symptomatic individuals transmit SARS-CoV-2. The model explicitly quantifies the dynamics of contact and airborne transmission between individuals indoors. Modeling results show the main transmission mechanism is through close contact, mostly directly but also mediated by fomites, while the contribution of the airborne route is negligible. Based in the model, frequent hand washing and fomite cleaning, coupled…
May 15, 2020
Estimating the Extent of True Asymptomatic COVID-19 and Its Potential for Community Transmission Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
A systematic review that included 5 articles from three countries (China, USA, and Italy) reports a pooled estimate of the proportion of asymptomatic cases to be 16% (95% CI: 12%-20%). While the findings are lower than many highly publicized studies, the sampling frame for the US-based studies only included residents, healthcare personnel, and visitors of long-term care facilities and may not be a…
May 14, 2020
Effects of Mobility and Multi-Seeding on the Propagation of the COVID-19 in Spain
Mazzoli et al. found that between-region mobility explained the high heterogeneity in incidence between otherwise similar geographic regions of Spain that implemented uniform mobility control measures. Their findings suggest that “multi-seeding,” which occurs when multiple infected individuals arrive in a susceptible population, likely played an important role in the spreading of SARS-CoV-2 from the initial outbreak in Madrid to other regions of Spain. Mazzoli et al….
Tracing Two Causative SNPs Reveals SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in North America Population
Based on phylogenetic analysis of 2,599 global SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA sequences, the dominant strains circulating in North America are most closely related to those that predominate in Europe. A genome wide association study identified two mutations that predominate in North American samples. The authors hypothesize these mutations may be associated with increased transmissibility and that the mutations…
Risk Factors for Viral RNA Shedding in COVID-19 Patients
Among 410 COVID-19 patients admitted to three hospitals in Wuhan, China, the authors estimate the median duration of viral RNA shedding (from symptom onset to rRT-PCR conversion) to be 19 days (IQR 16-23 days; range 3-44 days). Most patients (96%) tested negative for SARS- CoV-2 RNA within 30 days after symptom onset. The median duration from fever resolution to rRT-PCR conversion was…
May 11, 2020
How many COVID-19 cases could have been prevented in the US if its interventions were as effective as those in China and South Korea?
Liu et al. modeled how many COVID-19 cases could have been prevented in the US if the US had implemented comprehensive and strict lockdown measures like in Wuhan, China or widespread testing as in South Korea. Researchers estimate that if these measure were implemented at the early stage of the outbreak (March 10), 99% (1.15 million) fewer cases could have been expected by the end of…
May 8, 2020
Social Determinants of COVID-19 Mortality at the County Level
This study used spatial autoregressive models to identify county-level factors associated with COVID-19 mortality in the US. In all counties, population density was significantly associated with higher risk of COVID-19 mortality. In non-urban counties, the proportion of the population who did not speak English, proportion engaged in farm work, and proportion living in poverty was positively associated with COVID-19 mortality. The proportion of uninsured individuals was negatively associated with COVID-19 mortality….
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