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Topic: Vaccines and Immunity
May 20, 2021
Strategies That Make Vaccination Easy and Promote Autonomy Could Increase COVID-19 Vaccination in Those Who Remain Hesitant
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] A cross-sectional survey conducted among a representative US sample (n=2,895, 38% vaccinated) in March 2021 found that among those who were vaccine hesitant (n=522), major concerns were vaccine side-effects and efficacy (78%) and mistrust of the government or vaccines (38%). Among those with intent to initiate vaccination (n=1,326), most common barriers included…
Incident SARS-CoV-2 Infection among mRNA-Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Nursing Home Residents
The incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infections among a sample of residents of nursing homes in the US who received an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (n=18,242, 80% Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine) decreased from 4.5% within 0-14 days after the first dose to 1.4% within 15-28 days after the first dose. Cases occurring 14 or more days after the second dose…
May 19, 2021
Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Pregnancy
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] The prevalence of adverse maternal or neonatal outcomes was the same among pregnant women who received a COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy and unvaccinated pregnant women (5%). Findings are based on an analysis of a delivery cohort (n=2,002) created by matching a delivery database from the Mayo Clinic with a comprehensive vaccine registry….
Disparities in COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage Between Urban and Rural Counties — United States, December 14, 2020–April 10, 2021
Vaccination for COVID-19 among US adults aged 18-64 years was lower in rural (39%) than urban (46%) counties as of April 10, 2021 according to administrative data reported to the CDC. Disparities persisted across age and sex. Among 46 health jurisdictions where urban-rural comparisons could be assessed, only 5 had higher coverage in rural counties…
Neutralizing Antibody Levels Are Highly Predictive of Immune Protection from Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Vaccine efficacy of 7 COVID-19 vaccines correlated well with reported vaccine-elicited neutralization titers (r=0.9), according to an analysis of phase 3 vaccine trial data. Using data from the trials and neutralization data from cohorts of convalescent patients, the authors estimated that levels of vaccine-elicited anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies required for 50% protection against detectable SARS-CoV-2 infection…
Effectiveness of BNT162b2 MRNA Vaccine and ChAdOx1 Adenovirus Vector Vaccine on Mortality Following COVID-19
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] Even in the small percentage of vaccine recipients who develop symptomatic disease, vaccination with either the Pfizer-BionNTech vaccine or the Oxford-AztraZeneca vaccine conferred additional protection against death, according to analysis of data from England. Among adults aged ≥70 years with COVID-19, those vaccinated with 1 dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, 1 dose…
May 18, 2021
Extended Interval BNT162b2 Vaccination Enhances Peak Antibody Generation in Older People
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] Adults aged >80 years with 11-12 week intervals between doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine (n=79) had 3.5-fold higher peak titers of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies compared to adults >80 given a standard three-week interval between doses (n=68) in a cohort study of in the UK. However, the magnitude of spike-specific T cell responses…
Individuals Who Were Mildly Symptomatic Following Infection with SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.28 Have Neutralizing Antibodies to the P.1 Variant
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] 84% of sera from to individuals (n=60) recovered from mild SARS-CoV-2 infection caused by the B.1.1.28 variant (the wild-type strain circulating in Brazil) had neutralizing antibodies against the P.1 variant of concern. Neutralization titers against the wild-type strain were consistently higher compared to the P.1 variant, but the differences were not more…
Decay of Fc-Dependent Antibody Functions after Mild to Moderate COVID-19
Antibody effector functions associated with opsonization and killing of infected cells declined over time in a cohort of 58 subjects recovering from mild-to-moderate COVID-19. Levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) antibodies with Fcy receptors, S-specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), and antibody dependent phagocytosis (ADP) declined from the initial peak in samples drawn ~30-60 days post-symptom onset…
Surveillance of COVID-19 Vaccination in US Nursing Homes December 2020-April 2021
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] Data on vaccination coverage among nursing home residents and staff reported by pharmacies participating in the temporary federal Pharmacy Partnership for Long-Term Care Program correlated well with data reported by nursing homes to the new COVID-19 vaccination modules of the CDC’s National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) throughout January 2021 (r=0.89-0.97 for residents…
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