Result for
Topic: Vaccines and Immunity
March 30, 2021
SARS-CoV-2 Infection Risk among Unvaccinated Is Negatively Associated with Community-Level Vaccination Rates
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] Increases in the proportion of individuals aged 16-50 years receiving the first dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine were followed by declines in the SARS-CoV-2 positivity rate among a bystander unvaccinated cohort of people under 16 years old in 223 geographically defined communities in Israel. The proportion of vaccinated individuals and SARS-CoV-2 positivity…
Association of Race/Ethnicity With Likeliness of COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake Among Health Workers and the General Population in the San Francisco Bay Area
Black, Latinx, and Asian employees of three large medical centers in San Francisco had lower odds of reporting that they were likely to get vaccinated against COVID-19 compared to white employees in a cross-sectional study conducted from November 2020 to January 2021 (n=1,803). Compared to white respondents, Black, Asian and Latinx had 50%, 63%, and…
Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralising Antibody Responses and Duration of Immunity: A Longitudinal Study
Five distinct patterns of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody dynamics were found in a longitudinal study of 164 SARS-CoV-2-infected patients in Singapore with follow-up of up to 180 days post-symptom onset. The different dynamics were defined by the trajectory by which antibody levels waned or evolved. Persistent dynamics, observed in the largest group of patients (32%), was…
March 29, 2021
Interim Estimates of Vaccine Effectiveness of BNT162b2 and MRNA-1273 COVID-19 Vaccines in Preventing SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Health Care Personnel, First Responders, and Other Essential and Frontline Workers — Eight U.S. Locations, December 2020–March
The mRNA vaccines (Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna) were 90% effective at preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection after full immunization (≥14 days after second dose) and 80% after partial immunization (≥14 days after first dose but before second dose), according to interim estimates among 3,950 healthcare personnel, first responders, and other essential and frontline workers in multiple locations across…
Hemodialysis Patients Show a Highly Diminished Antibody Response after COVID-19 MRNA Vaccination Compared to Healthy Controls
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] Patients receiving hemodialysis had significantly lower anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers than healthy controls 21 days after vaccination with the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine (171 U/ml versus 2500 U/ml, respectively), according to a prospective cohort study (n = 81 patients, 80 controls). There was no correlation between antibody responses to the Hepatitis B vaccine and the…
Counties with Lower Insurance Coverage Are Associated with Both Slower Vaccine Rollout and Higher COVID-19 Incidence across the United States
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] US counties with high levels of uninsured individuals had significantly lower COVID-19 vaccination rates and tended to have the highest COVID-19 incidence rates in March 2021 relative to December 2020, according to an analysis of data from over 1,500 counties (228 million individuals). Counties with higher percentages of Black and Hispanic individuals…
Quantitative SARS-CoV-2 Anti-Spike Responses to Pfizer-BioNTech and Oxford-AstraZeneca Vaccines by Previous Infection Status
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] Vaccination with either the Pfizer-BioNTech or Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccines led to detectable anti-spike antibodies in nearly all participants in a study of adult healthcare workers (HCWs) in the UK. 3570/3610 (98.9%) HCWs were seropositive >14 days post-first vaccination and prior to second vaccination, 2706/2720 (99.5%) after Pfizer-BioNTech and 864/890 (97.1%) following Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccines….
March 25, 2021
Genomic Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection Involving E484K Spike Mutation, Brazil
SARS-CoV-2 reinfection with a variant harboring the E484K mutation (occurring in the P.2 variant) was confirmed by genome sequencing in a case study in Brazil. The primary infection occurred in May 2020 by a widely circulating variant B.1.1.33 without the E484K mutation, while the reinfection occurred 147 days later in October 2020. Findings from this…
COVID-19 Infection Risk amongst 14104 Vaccinated Care Home Residents A National Observational Longitudinal Cohort Study in Wales United Kingdom December 2020 to March 2021
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] Only 1% of over 14,000 nursing home residents in the UK who have received the first dose of either the Pfizer-BioNTech or Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccines reported a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test in an observational study from December 2020 to March 2021. 90% of infections occurred within 28 days of the first dose. At…
Antibody Responses after a Single Dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine
Among healthcare workers who received a single dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, those who had SARS-CoV-2 infection 30-60 days prior to vaccination (n=36) had significantly higher antibody levels and higher levels of antibodies with neutralizing characteristics at 3 weeks post-vaccination than individuals with no prior infection (n=152). After the first vaccine dose, both previously infected…
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