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Topic: Vaccines and Immunity
April 2, 2021
Genetic Evidence and Host Immune Response in Persons Reinfected with SARS-CoV-2, Brazil
4 cases of possible SARS-CoV-2 reinfection characterized by a more severe second episode were identified in a case series in Brazil. In March 2020, all patients recovered from a mild course of COVID-19 and retested with negative PCR results during early April. In the last week of May, all 4 cases reported SARS-CoV-2 symptoms and…
Interim Report Safety And Immunogenicity Of An Inactivated Vaccine Against Sars-Cov-2 In Healthy Chilean Adults In A Phase 3 Clinical Trial
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] Interim results for the phase 3 clinical trial (n=397) of the SARS-CoV-2 inactivated-virus vaccine CoronaVac (SinoVac BioTech) conducted in Chile indicate the vaccine is safe to use and induces neutralizing antibody production against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Among participants receiving two doses of the vaccine (n=239) or placebo (n=80) 2 weeks apart,…
April 1, 2021
Willingness to Receive a COVID-19 Vaccination Among Incarcerated or Detained Persons in Correctional and Detention Facilities — Four States, September–December 2020
The COVID-19 vaccination refusal rate was 45% among 5,110 surveyed residents of three prisons and 13 jails across four states during September to December 2020 (all three prisons and 10 jails in Washington State). The most common reason for vaccination refusal was distrust of health care, correctional, or government personnel or institutions (20%). 10% of…
Longitudinal Dynamics of Antibody Responses in Recovered COVID-19 Patients
SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG antibody titers gradually increased with neutralizing antibody titers while IgM titers more quickly waned in a study of the antibody response dynamics in 24 COVID-19 recovered patients followed up to 42 weeks. While IgG titers were higher among severe than among mild cases, titers did not decline significantly over time in either group….
COVID-19 Vaccine Impact on Rates of SARS-CoV-2 Cases and Post Vaccination Strain Sequences among Healthcare Workers at an Urban Academic Medical Center a Prospective Cohort Study
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] Among a cohort of healthcare workers (HCW) from Boston Medical Center who received the first dose of either the Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna vaccines, the SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was 27% and 82% lower 1-14 days and >14 days after receiving the first dose, respectively, compared to surrounding community infection rates. SARS-CoV-2 infections occurred…
March 31, 2021
Initial Report of Decreased SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load after Inoculation with the BNT162b2 Vaccine
In a real-world analysis of data from individuals in Israel who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 after receiving the first dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccination (n=4,938), viral load was substantially lower (2.8 to 4.5-fold lower) for infections occurring 12-37 days after the first dose compared to individuals who had not been vaccinated. Cycle of threshold (Ct)…
Efficacy of ChAdOx1 NCoV-19 (AZD1222) Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 Variant of Concern 202012/01 (B.1.1.7): An Exploratory Analysis of a Randomised Controlled Trial
Post-hoc analysis of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine indicated that clinical vaccine efficacy against symptomatic, PCR-positive infection was 70.4% for the B.1.1.7 variant and 81.5% for non-B.1.1.7 lineages (not including the B.1.351 variant). Neutralization activity via vaccine-induced antibodies in vitro was also lower against the B.1.1.7 variant (geometric mean ratio 8.9). Participants 18 and older in efficacy cohorts…
Pfizer-BioNTech Announce Positive Topline Results of Pivotal COVID-19 Vaccine Study in Adolescents.
[Press release, not peer-reviewed] According to a press release from Pfizer, the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine showed 100% efficacy against COVID-19 among adolescents (n=2,260) aged 12 to 15 years old in the US without prior history of infection. 18 cases of COVID-19 were observed in the placebo group, and none in the vaccinated group. The vaccine also…
March 30, 2021
Verified infections with endemic common cold coronaviruses do not entail significant protection against SARS-CoV-2
A previous confirmed seasonal coronavirus infection does not appear to provide protection against subsequent infection with SARS-CoV-2, according to analysis of a large database of respiratory specimens in Sweden. The analysis is based on a database of >75,000 respiratory specimens collected from 2013-2020 and linked to 10,000 samples collected during the pandemic (February-November 2020). There…
SARS-CoV-2 Variant B.1.1.7 Caused HLA-A2+ CD8+ T Cell Epitope Mutations for Impaired Cellular Immune Response
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] The SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 variant is associated with reduced CD8+ T cell activation due to at least two specific mutations in ORF1. The authors used algorithms to predict HLA-A2 binding epitopes in both the B.1.1.7 strain and the ancestral Wuhan strain and determined whether these epitopes could activate CD8+ T cells using an…
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