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Topic: Vaccines and Immunity
February 22, 2021
Assessment of the Inclusion of Racial/Ethnic Minority, Female, and Older Individuals in Vaccine Clinical Trials
A cross-sectional study of 230 US-based clinical COVID-19 vaccine trials (n = 219,555 participants) found that, compared with the US population, Black or African American (11%), American Indian or Alaska Native (0.4%), Hispanic or Latino (121.6%), and older (age 65+, 12%) individuals were underrepresented, while women (56%) were overrepresented, in trials. Black or African American…
February 19, 2021
Clinical and Laboratory Findings in Patients with Potential SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection, May-July 2020
A clinical and laboratory investigation of potential SARS-CoV-2 reinfection reported to CDC by clinicians in the US did not confirm any cases of reinfection within 90 days of the initial infection, supporting current CDC guidance about retesting for people recovered from COVID-19. Among 73 potential reinfection patients with available records, 70% of patients either had…
Assessment of S1, S2 and NCP-Specific IgM, IgA, and IgG Antibody Kinetics in Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection by a Microarray and Twelve Other Immunoassays
A study examining antibody kinetics of multiple immunoglobulins in patients hospitalized with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection showed that nucleocapsid protein (NCP)-specific IgA and IgG antibodies are detected earlier, while higher spike (S)1-specific IgA antibody levels occur in severely ill patients. The analysis was conducted using a microarray, eleven different commercial immunoassays (ELISA and CLIA), and one…
First Month of COVID-19 Vaccine Safety Monitoring — United States, December 14, 2020–January 13, 2021
Both the Moderna and Pfizer vaccines had an acceptable safety profile, according to an analysis of the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS). A total of 13,794,904 COVID-19 vaccine doses were administered in the U.S from December 14, 2020 to January 13. There were 6,994 reports of COVID-19–associated adverse events to VAERS during the period,…
Decline in Receipt of Vaccines by Medicare Beneficiaries During the COVID-19 Pandemic – United States, 2020
During the first week after the national COVID-19 emergency declaration in March 2020, weekly vaccination rates for bacterial pneumonia, tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis, and shingles among Medicare beneficiaries over the age of 65 declined by 25% to 62% compared with the corresponding period in 2019. Vaccination rates among racial and ethnic minority adults were lower than were those…
February 18, 2021
Serum Neutralizing Activity Elicited by MRNA-1273 Vaccine — Preliminary Report
Neutralizing activity of sera from recipients of the 2-dose Moderna vaccine in the phase 1 trial (n=45) were similar against a SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus bearing the spike protein from the original Wuhan-Hu-1 isolate, the D614G variant, as well as against 20E (EU1), 20A.EU2, N439K-D614G, and mink cluster 5 variants. In contrast, neutralizing titers against the D614G…
FDA-Authorized COVID-19 Vaccines Are Effective per Real-World Evidence Synthesized across a Multi-State Health System
[Pre-print, not peer reviewed] The Moderna and Pfizer vaccines were 89% effective (95% CI: 68-97%) in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection occurring at least 36 days after the first dose in a 1:1 propensity score matched analysis of over 60,000 individuals in the US between December 2020 to February 2021. Among those subsequently diagnosed with COVID-19, vaccinated…
Neutralizing Activity of BNT162b2-Elicited Serum — Preliminary Report
Neutralizing activity of sera from recipients of the 2-dose Pfizer vaccine (n=15, 20 serum samples) against wild-type SARS-CoV-2 (USA-WA1/2020) engineered with the full set of spike protein mutations of the B.1.351 variant was weaker than the USA-WA1/2020 strain by approximately two-thirds. Using 50% plaque reduction neutralization testing (PRNT50) on sera obtained 2-4 weeks after the…
Circulating SARS-CoV-2 Variants Escape Neutralization by Vaccine-Induced Humoral Immunity
[Pre-print, not peer reviewed] Analysis of neutralizing activity of sera from individuals vaccinated with either 1 or 2 doses of the Moderna or Pfizer vaccines (n=48) against SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses bearing spike proteins with the partial or full set of mutations from the B.1.351 variant show up to a 97-fold decrease in neutralization compared to wild-type. …
February 17, 2021
CD8+ T Cell Responses in COVID-19 Convalescent Individuals Target Conserved Epitopes from Multiple Prominent SARS-CoV-2 Circulating Variants
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] A study assessing whether CD8+ T-cells from COVID-19 convalescent individuals (n=30) can recognize SARS-CoV-2 variant epitopes showed that only one of the three most prominent variants (the B.1.351 variant, first described in South Africa) had a mutation that overlapped with a low-prevalence CD8+ epitope. Out of 45 mutations assessed, this mutation was…
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