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Topic: Vaccines and Immunity
May 25, 2021
COVID-19 Vaccine Breakthrough Infections Reported to CDC — United States, January 1–April 30, 2021
A total of 10,262 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine breakthrough cases were reported to the CDC across the US as of April 30, 2021, out of approximately 101 million fully vaccinated individuals (0.01%). 27% of vaccine breakthrough infections were asymptomatic. Of the 10% of infected individuals who were hospitalized, of whom 29% were asymptomatic or hospitalized for reasons…
Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines against the B.1.617.2 Variant
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] Effectiveness of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection following 1 dose was 34% against the B.1.617.2 variant of concern (first described in India) compared to 51% against the B.1.1.7 variant in a case control analysis of 12,675 sequenced cases in England (92% B.1.1.7). Two-dose effectiveness was modestly lower, with 88% against…
May 24, 2021
Single Dose of BNT162b2 MRNA Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 Induces High Frequency of Neutralising Antibody and Polyfunctional T-Cell Responses in Patients with Myeloproliferative Neoplasms
Among 21 patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), conditions in which the body overproduces blood cells, one dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine resulted in a positive anti-S IgG ELISA among 76% (n = 16) of patients, neutralizing antibodies in 86% (n = 18) of patients, and a memory T cell response in 80% of patients following…
Single-Dose BNT162b2 MRNA COVID-19 Vaccine Significantly Boosts Neutralizing Antibody Response in Health Care Workers Recovering from Asymptomatic or Mild Natural SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Among healthcare workers (HCW) who had previously been infected with SARS-CoV-2 and had mild or no symptoms (n = 41), one dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine resulted in higher levels of neutralizing antibody titers than those found in HCW who had received two doses of the vaccine (n = 16) but had never been infected. …
Efficacy Estimates for Various COVID-19 Vaccines What We Know from the Literature and Reports
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] A report using data from publications, reports, and press releases concluded that the average efficacy of the Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, Johnson & Johnson/Janssen, Oxford-AstraZeneca, Sputnik, Novavax, Sinovac, and Sinopharm vaccines was about 85% against any disease with infection. Vaccine efficacy was >80% for all vaccines included except for Sinovac (51%, 95% CI 36-62%)….
May 21, 2021
Persistence of SARS-CoV-2-Specific IgG in Children 6 Months After Infection, Australia
A longitudinal cohort study of Australian adults (N=32) and children (N=22) with SARS-CoV-2 infection who were asymptomatic or had mild symptoms detected similar levels of specific IgG antibodies 6 months after infection in both children and adults. There was no significant difference in geometric mean antibody concentration from 43 to 195 days after infection, suggesting…
Infection and Vaccine-Induced Neutralizing Antibody Responses to the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.1 Variant
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] An in-vitro study of neutralizing antibody response to the B.617.1 variant found that the variant was 6.8-fold more resistant to neutralization by sera from persons previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 (N=24) and individuals vaccinated with either the Pfizer-BioNTech (N=10) or Moderna (N=15) vaccines compared to a wild type strain. However, 79% of serum…
Efficient Maternal to Neonatal Transfer of Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and BNT162b2 MRNA COVID-19 Vaccine
A multicenter study of pregnant persons in Israel (N=213) found that the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine elicited strong maternal IgG response and produced similar IgG titers in the fetus 15 days after the first dose. Among study participants who were infected with SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy, those infected in the third trimester had lower rates of antibody transfer…
May 20, 2021
Thrombocytopenia Including Immune Thrombocytopenia after Receipt of MRNA COVID-19 Vaccines Reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS)
An analysis of reported adverse events following vaccination with an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine indicates that the reported number of thrombocytopenia cases does not suggest a safety concern attributable to mRNA COVID-19 vaccines at this time. Fifteen cases of thrombocytopenia were identified among 18,841,309 doses of Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine and 13 cases among 16,260,102 doses of Moderna…
Diverse Functional Autoantibodies in Patients with COVID-19
Elevated levels of autoantibodies (AAbs) targeting extracellular and secreted proteins that modulate immune response were detected in a cohort of COVID-19 patients (n=194) but not in uninfected controls (n=30). In vitro analysis of the plasma concentrations of these targeted proteins indicate altered immunoreceptor signaling and peripheral immune cell composition, suggesting that the AAbs can impair…
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