Most implementation research is guided by a theory, model or framework. IS researchers have developed many theories, models, and frameworks that can underpin a study and serve as the basis for data analysis.
This review by Nilsen published in 2015 provides a helpful schema to organize the many IS theories, models, and frameworks
This paper by Tabak et al provides guidance on how to select a model [note, not open access]
Learn more about a few key IS theories and frameworks!
RE-AIM
RE-AIM is a framework to guide the planning and evaluation of public health interventions according to five key domains: reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance. Developed by Glasgow, Vogt, and Boles in 1999, the framework has guided implementation science studies for over twenty years. The RE-AIM framework has been integrated with the PRISM (Practical, Robust, Implementation and Sustainability Model) to further guide the sustainable implementation of EBIs.
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- The RE-AM website
- Original RE-AIM article by Glasgow et al (1999)
- RE-AIM Planning and Evaluation Framework: Adapting to New Science and Practice With a 20-Year Review by Glasgow et al (2019)
- The RE-AIM Framework: A Systematic Review of Use Over Time by Gaglio et al (2013)
Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR)
The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research is a framework that presents a set of constructs associated with effective implementation. The CFIR is organized into five domains: intervention, outer setting, inner setting, individual characteristics, and process. The CFIR is a tool primed to aid researchers and practitioners in the assessment of barriers and facilitators in preparation for implementing an innovation or evaluating how the implementation went. The CFIR was developed by Damschroder and colleagues in 2009.
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- The CFIR website
- Original CFIR article by Damschroder et al (2009)
- Updated CFIR based on user feedback by Damschroder et al (2022)
- A systematic review of the use of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research by Kirk et al (2016)
- Evaluating and optimizing the consolidated framework for implementation research (CFIR) for use in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review by Means et al (2020)
- Rapid versus traditional qualitative analysis using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) by Nevedal et al (2021)