Article Summary
May 27, 2021
Early Bacterial Identification Among Intubated Patients with COVID-19 or Influenza Pneumonia: A European Multicenter Comparative Cohort Study
Bacterial identification within 48 hours after intubation in samples from patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia (n=568) was associated with a 57% increase in risk for 28-day mortality in a multi-center cohort study in Europe. Compared to patients with influenza pneumonia (n=482), bacterial identification after intubation was less frequent in patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia (10% vs 34%)….
Assessment of the Frequency and Variety of Persistent Symptoms Among Patients With COVID-19
A systematic review of 45 studies including 9,751 participants with COVID-19 found the most frequent persistent symptoms (≥60 days) included shortness of breath (median 36% of participants in 26 studies), fatigue (median 40% in 25 studies), and sleep disorder (median 30% in 8 studies). A median of 73% of participants in 16 studies of mostly…
Type I, II, and III Interferon Signatures Correspond to COVID-19 Disease Severity
In an analysis of plasma levels of interferons (IFNs) and cytokines among patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and varying disease severity (n=67), type I IFN responses appeared to be transient among those with mild disease but prolonged among those admitted to the ICU. Plasma levels of type II IFNs were comparable among patients overall and induced…
Distinct Cytokine and Chemokine Dysregulation in Hospitalized Children with Acute COVID-19 and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome with Similar Levels of Nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 Shedding
In a cohort study of individuals aged <18 years who were hospitalized with COVID-19 (n=32), those diagnosed with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) (n=16) had significantly higher levels of cytokine and chemokines, such as IL-6 and IL-8, and were more likely to have anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody positivity (75% vs 44%) compared to those without MIS-C….
Accessibility and Usability of State Health Department COVID-19 Vaccine Websites
A qualitative evaluation of each US state’s department of health website content for vaccine eligibility and availability conducted in February 2021 found that of the 47 states providing eligibility information, 57% did not support eligibility verification, and 83% presented eligibility information at a post-high school reading level. Only half of all states provided web-based appointment…
Safety, Immunogenicity, and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine in Adolescents
A randomized trial of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine (BNT162b2) among adolescents ages 12-15 reported vaccine efficacy of 100% (75.3-100%) against COVID-19 for the 2-dose vaccine series. There were 16 cases of COVID-19 among 1,129 placebo recipients and no COVID-19 cases among 1,131 vaccine recipients that occurred 7 or more days after the second dose among participants…
Cellular and Humoral Response after MRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Only 35 of 117 (30%) kidney transplant recipients without known prior SARS-CoV-2 infection had a detectable humoral immune response (anti-spike IgG and/or IgM antibodies) to the Moderna vaccine two weeks after the second dose, while 55% had a detectable cellular immune response. Development of both humoral and cellular immune responses was observed in 20% of…
Standardised Quantitative Neutralisation Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern by Convalescent Anti-Sera from First Wave Infections of UK Health Care Workers and Patients
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] Neutralizing activity of convalescent plasma collected from patients and healthcare workers infected during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic between July and September 2020 (n=61) was reduced by 2-fold against the B.1.1.7 variant and by 8-fold against the B.1.351 and P.1 variant compared to the parent B.1 strain. Neutralizing activity correlated…
Post-Vaccination SARS-CoV-2 Infection Risk Factors and Illness Profile in a Prospective Observational Community-Based Case-Control Study
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections after at least 14 days following the first dose of the Oxford-AstraZeneca or Pfizer-BioNTech vaccines were less likely among those with healthier lifestyle factors. Findings were based on a case-control study of 2,394 individuals with a breakthrough infection matched 1:1 by age, sex, and other potential confounders to other…
Effect of 2 Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines on Symptomatic COVID-19 Infection in Adults
The efficacy in preventing symptomatic COVID-19 14 days after the second dose for two inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines (derived from strains WIV04 and HB02) was 73% (95% CI, 58%-82%) and 78% (95% CI, 65%-86%), respectively, in an interim analysis of a randomized, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial among adults aged ≥18 years without known prior infection in…
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