Article Summary
March 11, 2021
The Endemic Amid the Pandemic: Seeking Help for Violence Against Women in the Initial Phases of COVID-19
Various government interventions intended to limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2 were associated with a decrease in help-seeking for sexual assault but did not affect help-seeking for domestic violence. Declaration of emergency, school closures, and stay-at-home-orders (SAHOs) were each associated with a reduction in 911 calls for assault and rape, amounting to a nearly a 50%…
Changes in Alcohol Use since the Onset of COVID-19 Are Associated with Psychological Distress among Sexual and Gender Minority University Students in the U.S. Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Approximately 32% of sexual and gender minority (SGM) US university students reported increased alcohol use since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, according to a cross-sectional online survey of 509 students. Average psychological distress was high, and greater alcohol use since the start of the pandemic was significantly associated among individuals assigned female at birth,…
Characteristics of and Mortality Associated With Diabetic Ketoacidosis Among US Patients Hospitalized With or Without COVID-19
30% of patients with COVID-19 and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) died in the hospital (64 of 210) compared to 5% of patients with DKA but without COVID-19 (262 of 4,819), according to a cohort study of 5,029 patients admitted to 175 hospitals across the US. Conducted between February to September 2020, the study also found that…
Risk of Mortality in Patients Infected with SARS-CoV-2 Variant of Concern 202012/1: Matched Cohort Study
The SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 variant was associated with an overall 1.6-fold increase in risk of death compared to previously circulated variants, according to a matched cohort study (n=54,906) of patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection in the UK between October 2020 to January 2021. Risk of death was not significantly increased within 14 days of follow-up after…
Epidemiological and Evolutionary Considerations of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Dosing Regimes
An immuno-epidemiological model suggests that a one-dose vaccination strategy would likely decrease short-term SARS-CoV-2 infections. Long-term outcomes, as well as likelihood of viral evolution driven by partial immunity, are mainly driven by relative immune robustness of one versus two doses. [EDITORIAL NOTE: A pre-print related to this manuscript was summarized on February 4, 2020] Saad-Roy…
Antibody Responses in Seropositive Persons after a Single Dose of SARS-CoV-2 MRNA Vaccine
After a single dose of either the Pfizer-BioNTech or Modernan vaccine, US vaccinees with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection (n=43) had antibody titers 10-45 times as high as those of vaccinees without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection (n=67), according to interim results of a longitudinal study. While titers of those with prior infection did not increase after the second…
Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern in Vaccinated Individuals
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] Sera from both individuals with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection (n=35) and individuals fully vaccinated with the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine (n=23) showed nearly identical antibody binding responses against the B.1.1.7 Cluster 5 and CAL.20C variants compared to wild-type SARS-CoV-2. In contrast, both binding and neutralizing antibody responses among vaccinated individuals were diminished against the B.1.351…
Convalescent Plasma in Patients Admitted to Hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY) a Randomised Controlled Open-Label Platform Trial
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] Convalescent plasma (CP) was not associated with improved 28-day survival compared to usual care (RR=1.00, 95% CI: 0.93-1.07) ] in a randomized controlled trial of hospitalized patients (RECOVERY TRIAL). The open-label platform trial (RECOVERY Trial) was conducted between May 2020 to January 2021 in the UK. The mortality risk was similar in…
Follow-up Testing of Borderline SARS-CoV-2 Patients by RRT-PCR Allows Early Diagnosis of COVID-19
Follow-up testing of “borderline” PCR test results within 96 hours occasionally identified additional positive results, according to a retrospective analysis of over 30,000 SARS-CoV-2 PCR test results (1,092 positive). Of the 204 borderline results, which had viral amplification just below the positivity threshold (>25 viral copies/mL), 107 were re-tested and 10 were found positive, representing…
COVID-19 Infections among Students and Staff in New York City Public Schools
Testing of asymptomatic students and staff in New York public schools determined that the incidence of COVID-19 was lower among the school population (341.1 cases per 100,000) compared to the citywide population (528.9 cases per 100,000). Of 234,132 asymptomatic persons tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection in New York City public schools during October to December 2020,…
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