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Tag: transmission
October 12, 2020
Air and Surface Contamination in Non-Health Care Settings among 641 Environmental Specimens of 39 COVID-19 Cases
A study of SARS-CoV-2 contamination of environmental surfaces and air found that SARS-CoV-2 may be present on environmental surfaces for several days, especially in bathrooms. 641 specimens were collected from homes, hotels, public areas, cars, and pets that were potentially in contact with 39 individuals positive for SARS-CoV-2 in China. All positive specimens, based on…
October 9, 2020
Transmission Dynamics by Age Group in COVID-19 Hotspot Counties — United States, April–September 2020
Among the 767 US hotspot counties identified by the CDC during June and July 2020, early increases in the percent positivity for SARS-CoV-2 among people under age 24 years were followed by several weeks of increasing percent positivity in those older than age 25. The authors note that these findings corroborate regional patterns in the…
Children and Adolescents With SARS-CoV-2 Infection
A study of 203 children infected with SARS-CoV-2 indicated that infection is typically asymptomatic or mild during childhood, and that most children have moderate or high viral loads regardless of age, symptoms, or severity of infection. Among children for whom the source of infection was identified, 74% were infected by a member of their household. In 67% of…
What Do We Know about SARS-CoV-2 Transmission? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Secondary Attack Rate and Associated Risk Factors
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the secondary attack rate (SAR) of SARS-Cov-2 in household and healthcare settings indicated that the SAR among symptomatic people was higher than that for asymptomatic people (RR=3.2). The SAR is the proportion of contacts of a SARS-CoV-2 case who subsequently became infected. Adults showed higher susceptibility to infection than…
October 8, 2020
Analysis of Genomic Characteristics and Transmission Routes of Patients With Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 in Southern California During the Early Stage of the US COVID-19 Pandemic
In a case series of 192 patients from Los Angeles, a genomic analysis found that 82% of SARS-CoV-2 isolates were most similar to isolates from Europe, while 15% were most similar to isolates from Asia. Genetic characterization of isolates identified community transmission in 13 patients, including 10 related to skilled nursing facilities, while person-to-person transmission…
October 6, 2020
Comprehensive Genome Analysis of 6,000 USA SARS-CoV-2 Isolates Reveals Haplotype Signatures and Localized Transmission Patterns by State and by Country
Geographic Spread Genomic analysis of 6,359 SARS-CoV-2 isolates from the US identified a pattern of strongly localized outbreaks, which may point to the effectiveness of travel restriction policies and other public health measures. The authors identified prominent trends of localized haplotype patterns, which are the collection of variants in a viral genome, particular to Washington…
Adolescent with COVID-19 as the Source of an Outbreak at a 3-Week Family Gathering — Four States, June–July 2020
An adolescent (13 years old) was the index case of an outbreak that occurred during a 3-week family gathering where 11 of 14 attendees developed COVID-19, despite the index case testing negative with a rapid antigen test prior to the gathering. Six other family members who maintained physical distancing by remaining outdoors did not develop…
October 5, 2020
Survival of SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza Virus on the Human Skin: Importance of Hand Hygiene in COVID-19
Survival time of SARS-CoV-2 on human skin was significantly longer than that of influenza A virus (9.0 hours vs. 1.8 hours). Exposure of both viruses to 80% ethanol while on the skin surface, in the context of droplets from a cough or sneeze, inactivated both viruses within 15 seconds of exposure, indicating appropriate hand hygiene…
October 2, 2020
Viral Genomes Reveal Patterns of the SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak in Washington State
[Pre-print, not peer reviewed] The 614G viral variant of SARS-CoV-2 has been hypothesized to be more transmissible than other strains, but findings from Washington State indicate that the increasing dominance of 614G in the state is more likely due to mobility patterns and the effect of control measures rather than viral transmissibility factors. Sequencing of…
September 29, 2020
Recent Increase in COVID-19 Cases Reported Among Adults Aged 18–22 Years — United States, May 31–September 5, 2020
During August 2–September 5, 2020, weekly COVID-19 cases among young people ages 18–22 increased 55% nationally, with the largest regional increases in the Northeast (144%) and Midwest (123%). Increases in cases were not solely due to increased testing. The incidence in all other age groups declined during the same period. When examined by race and…
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