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Tag: vaccine
March 29, 2021
Projected COVID-19 Epidemic in the United States in the Context of the Effectiveness of a Potential Vaccine and Implications for Social Distancing and Face Mask Use
A study developing a dynamic compartmental model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in New York, Texas, Florida, and California showed that relaxing social distancing restrictions to pre-pandemic levels without changing current face mask use would lead to new outbreaks, resulting in 0.8–4 million infections and 15,000–240,000 deaths across these four states over the next 12 months. If face…
Interim Estimates of Vaccine Effectiveness of BNT162b2 and MRNA-1273 COVID-19 Vaccines in Preventing SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Health Care Personnel, First Responders, and Other Essential and Frontline Workers — Eight U.S. Locations, December 2020–March
The mRNA vaccines (Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna) were 90% effective at preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection after full immunization (≥14 days after second dose) and 80% after partial immunization (≥14 days after first dose but before second dose), according to interim estimates among 3,950 healthcare personnel, first responders, and other essential and frontline workers in multiple locations across…
Hemodialysis Patients Show a Highly Diminished Antibody Response after COVID-19 MRNA Vaccination Compared to Healthy Controls
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] Patients receiving hemodialysis had significantly lower anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers than healthy controls 21 days after vaccination with the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine (171 U/ml versus 2500 U/ml, respectively), according to a prospective cohort study (n = 81 patients, 80 controls). There was no correlation between antibody responses to the Hepatitis B vaccine and the…
Counties with Lower Insurance Coverage Are Associated with Both Slower Vaccine Rollout and Higher COVID-19 Incidence across the United States
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] US counties with high levels of uninsured individuals had significantly lower COVID-19 vaccination rates and tended to have the highest COVID-19 incidence rates in March 2021 relative to December 2020, according to an analysis of data from over 1,500 counties (228 million individuals). Counties with higher percentages of Black and Hispanic individuals…
Quantitative SARS-CoV-2 Anti-Spike Responses to Pfizer-BioNTech and Oxford-AstraZeneca Vaccines by Previous Infection Status
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] Vaccination with either the Pfizer-BioNTech or Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccines led to detectable anti-spike antibodies in nearly all participants in a study of adult healthcare workers (HCWs) in the UK. 3570/3610 (98.9%) HCWs were seropositive >14 days post-first vaccination and prior to second vaccination, 2706/2720 (99.5%) after Pfizer-BioNTech and 864/890 (97.1%) following Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccines….
Single Dose of a MRNA SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Is Associated with Lower Nasopharyngeal Viral Load among Nursing Home Residents with Asymptomatic COVID-19
Among nursing home residents in Pennsylvania with asymptomatic COVID-19 diagnosed through twice-weekly surveillance testing (n=10), residents who received a single dose of the BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccine had significantly lower nasopharyngeal viral load (-2.4 mean log10 lower) than unvaccinated residents. The authors note their results suggest a single dose may start to reduce transmission among nursing home…
March 25, 2021
B.1.526 SARS-CoV-2 Variants Identified in New York City Are Neutralized by Vaccine-Elicited and Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] Neutralizing activity elicited by prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, mRNA vaccines (Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna), or the Regeneron monoclonal antibody cocktail (REGN10933 and REGN10987) were similar against the B.1.526 variant with the S477N mutation compared to the widely circulating strain with the D614G mutation. In contrast, similar to other E484K harboring variants, the B.1.526 variant…
March 16, 2021
BNT162b2 MRNA COVID-19 Vaccine Induces Antibodies of Broader Cross-Reactivity than Natural Infection but Recognition of Mutant Viruses Is up to 10-Fold Reduced
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] Antibodies induced by the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine had higher binding capacities (avidity) than antibodies induced by natural infection against the receptor binding domain (RBD) containing mutations representative of circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (N501Y, K417N, E484K, and a combination of all three). Vaccine-induced sera (n=6) reduced binding against the RBD containing the N501Y…
Immunogenicity of a Single Dose of SARS-CoV-2 Messenger RNA Vaccine in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients
Solid organ transplant recipients in the US were less likely to develop anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses after receiving a single dose of either the Moderna or Pfizer-BioNTech vaccines. In a prospective convenience sample, only 17% (76 of 436) had detectable antibody responses at a median of 20 days after the first dose. Transplant recipients who were…
March 15, 2021
Effectiveness of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine Among Residents of Two Skilled Nursing Facilities Experiencing COVID-19 Outbreaks — Connecticut, December 2020–February 2021
Partial vaccination with the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine (from >14 days after dose 1 through 7 days after dose 2) was found to be to 63% effective against SARS-CoV-2 infection among residents of two skilled nursing facilities in Connecticut that experienced outbreaks from December 2020 – February 2021. Vaccine efficacy was similar (60%) when residents with…
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