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Tag: variants
May 5, 2021
Viral Genomes Reveal Patterns of the SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak in Washington State
The rapid spread of the D614G variant in Washington State was a result of multiple introductions into areas with different levels of ongoing lockdown, according to a phylogenetic analysis of 3940 SARS-CoV-2 sequences from Washington State and county-level mobility data collected between February and July 2020. Sequences derived from out-of-state introductions were unevenly distributed, with…
Emergence and Spread of SARS-CoV-2 Lineages B.1.1.7 and P.1 in Italy
Analysis of 6,515 SARS-CoV-2 sequences sampled between January 2020 to March 2021 in Italy found that the previously dominant B.1.177 variant was replaced by the B.1.1.7 variant in January 2021. By the end of the sampling period, B.1.1.7 sequences comprised 34% of all sequences whereas B.1.177 comprised only 24%. Analysis of B.1.1.7 sequences indicated multiple…
May 4, 2021
Human Organoid Systems Reveal in Vitro Correlates of Fitness for SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] In an in vitro human organoid system, the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 variant was shown to produce higher levels of infectious virus late in infection and higher replicative fitness in human airway, alveolar, and intestinal organoid models compared to the ancestral strain. Lamers et al. (May 3, 2021). Human Organoid Systems Reveal in Vitro Correlates…
SARS -CoV-2 T-Cell Immunity to Variants of Concern Following Vaccination
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] A study using two standardized, functional assays to measure memory T cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 found that individuals vaccinated with the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines (n=29) mounted a more robust T cell response than convalescent patients (n=19) or healthy controls with no prior infection (n=25). The assay was based upon the “Quantiferon Gold”…
May 3, 2021
SARS-CoV-2 Worldwide Replication Drives Rapid Rise and Selection of Mutations across the Viral Genome: A Time-Course Study – Potential Challenge for Vaccines and Therapies
A summary of circulating SARS-CoV-2 mutations in 383,570 complete sequences with known sampling dates in the Global Initiative of Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID) through April 5, 2021 showed that high incidence of COVID-19 often paralleled high numbers of new mutations and SARS-CoV-2 variant strains. The summary included data from ten countries: the United Kingdom,…
April 27, 2021
Genomic Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 Infection During the Initial Pandemic Wave and Association With Disease Severity
The SARS-CoV-2 D614G variant was associated with increased survival in hospitalized patients (86% vs 59% for other identified variants) according to analysis from a repeated cross-sectional study (n=302) of SARS-CoV-2 isolates from the Cleveland Clinic during the first wave of infection (March to April 2020). While 6 different clades were initially identified in the beginning…
April 22, 2021
Vaccine Breakthrough Infections with SARS-CoV-2 Variants
2 SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections (infection >= 14 days after the second vaccine dose) were detected in a cohort of 417 employees at the Rockefeller University in New York City. Clinical symptoms of COVID-19 developed 19 days after Patient 1 (51-year-old woman) received their second dose of the Moderna vaccine, and 36 days after Patient 2…
Comparative Analysis of Emerging B.1.1.7+E484K SARS-CoV-2 Isolates from Pennsylvania
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] A SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 sequence from Pennsylvania detected in March 2021 was found to have the E484K spike substitution, a mutation shown to confer resistance to neutralizing antibodies. Only 60 isolates with the B.1.1.7+E484K sequence profile have been detected in the US, and only 253 reported globally. Comparative genomic analysis of 235 high…
April 20, 2021
The Increase in the Risk of Severity and Fatality Rate of Covid-19 in Southern Brazil after the Emergence of the Variant of Concern (VOC) SARS-CoV-2 P.1 Was Greater among Young Adults without Pre-Existing Risk Conditions
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] A higher proportion of younger patients (age <60 years) were observed among severe COVID-19 cases leading to death (28%) in the second wave in Brazil (February 2021) as compared to the first wave (18%) (November-December 2020). This second wave was predominantly the P.1 variant. Similarly, a higher proportion of patients without pre-existing…
April 19, 2021
Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses against SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Human Coronaviruses after Single BNT162b2 Vaccination
[Pre-print, not peer-reviewed] An assessment of humoral and T cell responses against a wild type SARS-CoV-2 strain, variants of concern (B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and P.1), and endemic human coronaviruses (hCov) induced after the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine found that IgG against the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein was readily detectable at day 14, but inhibition of…
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