Result for
Topic: Testing and Treatment
June 23, 2020
Effect of Dexamethasone in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 Preliminary Report
[pre-print, not peer reviewed] Horby et al. present preliminary results from the open-label randomized RECOVERY trial that found reduced mortality among COVID-19 patients treated with oral dexamethasone (6mg once daily for up to 10 days). Patients in the dexamethasone arm had a 17% lower rate of death by 28 days than those in the control arm (aRR=0.83; 95%CI 0.74, 0.92), with the strongest effect in…
June 22, 2020
Performance Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 PCR Assays Developed by WHO Referral Laboratories
Etievant et al. compared the performance of five RT-PCR-based methods developed by World Health Organization referral laboratories. Three assays known as N China CDC, N1 US CDC, and RdRp (IP2, IP4) were found to be the most sensitive assays on based on SARS-CoV-2 cell culture supernatants and clinical respiratory samples. The E Charité and N2 US CDC assays had false-positive results from negative samples and negative controls. …
Posterior Oropharyngeal Saliva for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2
Cheuk et al. paired 229 posterior oropharyngeal saliva (POPS) samples with same-day nasopharyngeal (NP) samples and reported an overall agreement of 76%, a negative agreement of 65%, and a positive agreement of 76.0%. Better positive agreement was observed for samples obtained within seven days of symptom onset (96.6%) compared to greater than seven days after symptom onset (75.0%). Cheuk et al. (June 21, 2020). Posterior Oropharyngeal Saliva for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2. Clinical Infectious Diseases. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa797
June 19, 2020
Potent Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies Directed to Multiple Epitopes on the SARS-CoV-2 Spike
[pre-print, not peer reviewed] Among 16 SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing monoclonal antibodies from 5 patients with severe disease, 19 potently neutralized the virus in vitro, 9 with exquisite potency. Several are promising candidates for treatment or prevention of COVID-19. These 19 antibodies were nearly equally divided between two regions at the top of the viral spike — the receptor binding domain…
Combined Point of Care Nucleic Acid and Antibody Testing for SARS-CoV-2 a Prospective Cohort Study in Suspected Moderate to Severe COVID-19 Disease
[pre-print, not peer reviewed] Micochova et al. compared a combined rapid test (nucleic acid amplification on nose/throat swab and lateral flow assay antibody test on serum) suitable for point-of-care use with a composite gold standard on 45 patients with suspected moderate to severe COVID-19 disease. In days 1-7 of illness, sensitivity of the nucleic acid test alone…
Association of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor or Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Use With COVID-19 Diagnosis and Mortality
A retrospective cohort study of 4,480 patients with COVID-19 using data from the Danish national administrative registries found that prior use of ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ACEI/ARBs) was not associated with higher mortality from COVID-19. [EDITORIAL NOTE: The article was accompanied by a JAMA editorial that concluded that when there is a clinical indication for their use, ACEI/ARBs should not be discontinued…
June 18, 2020
Towards Intervention Development to Increase the Uptake of COVID-19 Vaccination among Those at High Risk Outlining Evidence-Based and Theoretically Informed Future Intervention Content
[pre-print, not peer reviewed] To assess barriers and facilitators to receiving a future COVID-19 vaccine among high-risk individuals, Williams et al. conducted a cross-sectional survey among 527 UK adults (mean age = 59.5) and found that 86% of respondents want to receive a vaccine. Perceiving that COVID-19 will persist for a long time was positively correlated with wanting…
Diagnostic Accuracy of Six Commercial SARS-CoV-2 IgGtotal Antibody Assays and Identification of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies in Convalescent Sera
[pre-print, not peer reviewed] Using a set of 34 serum samples obtained from 26 COVID-19 positive patients with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, Stroemer et al. compared the diagnostic accuracy of six commercially available antibody tests. Sensitivity ranged from 79.4% (Euroimmun) to 96.2% (Abbott). Based on 100 samples from negative individuals, specificity ranged from 97% (Euroimmun) to 100% (Epitope), with 99% sensitivity for Abbot and Roche tests. A…
Performance of Oropharyngeal Swab Testing Compared to Nasopharyngeal Swab Testing for Diagnosis of COVID-19 —United States, January-February 2020
Investigators analyzed data on 146 nasopharyngeal (NP) and oropharyngeal (OP) swab pairs collected ≤ 7 days after COPVID-19 illness onset and tested them with RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 and found diagnostic results were 95.2% concordant. Results also showed that NP swabs could contain more viral material, resulting in lower cycle times, suggestion that NP swabs may have higher sensitivity to detect lower viral concentrations. …
Real-Time Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2
Lau et al. developed a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay for rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2. In comparison to the RT-qPCR assay, the investigators reported that the RT-LAMP assay was 2.5 times faster and had a clinical sensitivity and specificity of 100%. However, the RT-LAMP assay had a 5-fold higher limit of detection, Lau et al. (June 3, 2020). Real-Time Reverse Transcription…
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